By 0318 王爽

1. Why so you think there have been some changes in government’s attitudes towards the traditional Universal Welfare Provision? By 0318王爽

2. the welfare situation in UK since WW II. Key words • Beveridge report • Keynesian economics

3. the welfare situation in UK since WW II. Beveridge report • the National Health Service in 1946, with free medical treatment for all • the National Assistance Act 1948 • A national system of benefits 'from the cradle to the grave'. William Beveridge

4. two dominant political perspectives of the time reluctant collectivist and social democratic－－both accepted that the state needed to intervene, to a degree, in the market economy and to provide at least a basic level of social protection for its population Keynesian economics predominant influence theory

5. challenges of the 1970's • mass unemployment • the oil crisis • an international recession • the emergence of radical perspectives • rising expectations of the public of welfare services

6. Key wordat this time • a third political approach • the New Right ideology the free market and that public welfare benefits undermined the incentive to work and the flexibility of the labour market

7. how the Beveridge Report is insufficient. • could no longer afford to sustain the welfare system in its then current form. Beveridge's plan had been based on an assumption that full employment was a sustainable feature of modern industrial society • the cost of running the services had consistently grown beyond expectation, without full employment there were less contributions and yet more money had to be paid out. Economic growth had stumbled and the oil crisis plunged the international economy into recession. the cost of running the services had

8. created a dependency on the state, considered a highly undesirable consequence • Radical perspectives and approaches also developed that highlighted more inequalities • Demographic changes and predictions also raised problems , particularly the aging population • the expectations of the growing middle class were increasing, they expected more and more from the services that they paid for and used

9. with these developing pressures that the Conservative party under Thatcher won the election in 1979, they vigorously espoused New Right values and set upon a programme of redefining the states relationship to its citizens, promising to free the market and reduce dependency on welfare

10. The future of a Universal Welfare system looks like being in the balance, and a move towards a Selectivity system seems on the way, but whichever way it goes the government need to ensure that the vulnerable do not suffer - Children, elderly and the disabled.

11. Thank you for your attention.