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NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU

7/15/2012. NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU. 2. Major Blackouts - Increased Oversight NERC*

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NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU

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    1. NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU/DC A Review of Their Different Requirements and the Benefits of Their Convergence Harish I. Mehta Mehta Tech, Inc. Fault and Disturbance Analysis Conference May 2, 2006

    2. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 2 Major Blackouts - Increased Oversight NERC* – ERO** – Mandatory Regulations DME*** and PMU/DC**** As we endeavor to satisfy the data requirements specified in NERC-DME and EIPP-PMU requirements we face challenges not addressed before. We need to choose between different data acquisition solutions for each or a common solution with various options. This paper presents an analysis to identify these challenges without advocating a specific solution. * NERC – North American Reliability Council ** ERO – Electric Reliability Organization *** DME – Disturbance Monitoring Equipment **** PMU/DC – Phasor Measurement Unit/Data Concentrator

    3. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 3 Major Blackouts - Increased Oversight NERC – ERO – Mandatory Regulations November 9, 1965 Blackout Formation of NERC and Regional Reliability Councils August 14, 2003 Blackout DOE-EIPP* – Demonstration Project - 2003 Energy Policy Act of 2005 including a directive to form ERO – 2005 * DOE – Department of Energy EIPP – Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project

    4. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 4 Major Blackouts - Increased Oversight NERC – ERO – Mandatory Regulations Changes in Oversight Authority Electric Reliability Organization - ERO ERO - NERC with Enforcement Responsibilities - 2006 Reliability Monitoring/Reporting Standards – 2006/2008 Development of Standards PRC-002, 003, 004 and 018 Disturbance Monitoring and Reporting Equipment (DME) Standards SAR (Standard Authorization Request) for PMU/DC

    5. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 5 NERC-DME Standards DME Recordings* Sequence of Events Recording Digital Fault Recording Dynamic Disturbance Recording Data from dedicated or multifunction devices that follow industry practices Trigger-initiated fault and sequence of events recording Long (10-days) buffer for disturbance recording Data in each type of recordings have different attributes * While NERC is a standards writing entity, it does not write equipment standards. DME standards define NERC’s application requirements for disturbance monitoring. These standards permit the use of multifunction devices without restricting their use for non-disturbance monitoring applications.

    6. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 6 NERC-DME Information Disturbance Analysis using DME Recordings Event Analysis/Reconstruction – Disturbance, Fault, Sequence of Events Analysis of Protection System Operations Model Verification Long-term Reliability Analysis, Benchmarking, Compliance verification

    7. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 7 EIPP – Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project Visionary Demonstration Project* With the efforts of broad spectrum of stakeholders, advance one component of information landscape, namely information systems, covering regional issues Make better use of measurements and information to improve system performance * Summary of information on EIPP Website

    8. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 8 DOE-EIPP PMU/DC and RTDMS Real-time Uses of PMU/DC Data Real-time Wide Area Visualization Real-time Visualization based on information with system’s “Functional Status” for “Situational Awareness”* Host Super DC at TVA to create Wide Area Views for participants Automatic Detection of System Anomalies Oscillation Detection, Phase Angle comparison, etc. Wide Area Protection and Control (Future) * DOE/FERC February 2006 Report to the Congress pursuant to the Section 1839 of Energy Policy Act of 2005

    9. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 9 DOE-EIPP PMU/DC and RTDMS Off-line Analysis Using PMU/DC Data Off-line Analysis* State Estimation with improved accuracy System Model verification Disturbance analysis * Information with Functional Status and Situational Awareness to assist the Reliability Coordinators may require integration of some of the off-line analysis in the on-line applications.

    10. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 10 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences Time Sync DME < 4 milliseconds of UTC (Universal Time Code) PMU/DC < 50 microseconds of UTC Measurement Accuracies DME Follow Customary Industry Practices Accuracy defined for the signal at DME input terminals PMU/DC < 1% TVE – Total Vector Error Traceable to NIST Standards (to be issued in 2006) Accuracy defined for the primary currents, voltages and events

    11. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 11 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences Local Processing to detect Anomalies for Recordings DME DFR (Waveform recording) Trigger-initiated SER (Event recording) Change of state DDR (RMS recording) 10-day buffer PMU/DC PDS - Phasor Data Stream 20-30 phasor/sec data stream Positive sequence values only Local Analysis including triggers (local detection of anomalies) is not required

    12. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 12 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences DME – Multiple Data Types DFR Point on the Waveform equally spaced measurements SER High speed event monitoring DDR 6 equally spaced RMS values per second PMU/DC - Single Data Type PDS – Phasor Data Stream Data Stream of equally spaced phasor values at a rate of 20 to 60 times per second

    13. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 13 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences DME Data Capture Capacities DFR and SER Assure “event” capture (sufficient storage for several credible events under severe operating conditions) DDR 10-day (preferably local) (capacity defined to assure data availability for delayed request) PMU/DC Data Capture Capacities Accurately time-tagged Phasor and Event Data Availability of data from certain, as opposed to all sites is acceptable

    14. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 14 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences DME Data Communication No NERC specified requirement Utilities use Manufacturer’s Data Communication Protocols for Record Retrieval High-speed Data Communication Backbones* Data communication protocol (as defined in C37.118) is preferred, other schemes are accepted * EIPP presently recognizes the inherent delays in the range of seconds for data communications in a geographically distributed system.

    15. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 15 NERC DME and EIPP PMU/DC Key Overlap and Differences Future Wide Area Monitoring Needs Power System “Functional Status” and “Situational Awareness” will require capture of additional information similar to DME data Network communication is required for data and information transfer – IEEE C37.118 and/or IEC 61850? Calculation of results in PMU/DC for quicker response and/or reduced communication burden

    16. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 16 DME and PMU/DC Key Differences Communication Requirements for Wide Area Monitoring EIPP PMU/DC requires real-time data communication NERC-DME has no such requirement Measurement and Time Sync Practices EIPP requires accurate measurements including allowance for wiring and measurement device influences Equally spaced and time-tagged phasor values Defined test and calibration procedures Generalized Provisions for Different Data Types DME includes a wider set of data types than just the positive sequence data type in PMU

    17. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 17 DME and PMU/DC Data Acquisition The differences in data acquisition for DME and PMU applications deserve careful attention for various reasons Use of dedicated or multifunction devices Consistent data for various purposes – differences in accuracies for signals to device terminals or for primary measurements on a sustained basis can be a major challenge Common software tools for DME and PMU/DC data formats, analysis, protocols, etc. Wider foundation for long-term installed system support without addition of specialized devices or software

    18. 7/17/2012 NERC-DME and DOE-EIPP PMU 18 DME and PMU/DC Common Data Acquisition Commit to Common Data Acquisition Capabilities Provide support for collection of all data types required for DME and PMU applications – treat phasors as one more DME data type Avoid requirements that conflict with common data acquisition Permit use of devices that meet any combination of data types Allow different level of application compliance Define appropriate “accuracy, test, verification, periodic testing and certification requirements” for each data type Define provisions for error handling in measurement and data handling for common data acquisition capabilities Develop standards or collection of consistent standards (e.g. data format, etc.) that support all data types

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