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Cinema Novo

Cinema Novo. Lecture 15. Snap shot of Brazilian Film Production. 1978 —most successful year ever; 61.8 million spectators; 29.2% of the market; 100 films produced 1992 —36,000 spectators; 3 films produced 2002 —7.4 million spectators; 30 films produced. Early Cinema in Brazil.

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Cinema Novo

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  1. Cinema Novo Lecture 15

  2. Snap shot of Brazilian Film Production • 1978—most successful year ever; 61.8 million spectators; 29.2% of the market; 100 films produced • 1992—36,000 spectators; 3 films produced • 2002—7.4 million spectators; 30 films produced

  3. Early Cinema in Brazil • First screening held in Rio de Janeiro in July 1896 (six months after Lumiere’s Paris screening) • 1900-1912: BelaÉpoca • Brazilian films dominated the internal market—over 100 films per year • Film in Brazil: always an elite/middle class attraction (not popular with the working classes)

  4. Brazilian Avant-Garde • MárioPeixoto’sLimite(1930) • “The Brazilian Experimental film” • Eisenstein referred to it as a “work of genius”

  5. Humberto Mauro, pioneer of Brazilian film • First film 1925 • Made Fiction films in 1920s and 1930s • Made Documentaries for INCE (National Institute of Educational Cinema) in 1936-1967 (357 documentary films) • Most important precursor to Cinema Novo • Ganga Bruta(1933)--masterpiece

  6. Before Cinema Novo, 1930s-1950s:Experiments in industrial film production (sound film) • Cinédia Studios • Chanchada genre (musical comedies) • Alô, Alô, Carnaval(Adhemar Gonzaga, 1936) • Carmen Miranda • Atlântida Studio (Rio de Janeiro)—vertically integrated • Chanchada • Vera Cruz Studio (São Paulo)—”Tropical Hollywood”—modeled on MGM • Established 1949, Bankrupt in 1954 • Produced O Cangaceiro (Lima Barreto, 1953) • won highest award at the Cannes film festival

  7. Carmen Miranda, chanchada star

  8. Brazil, 1950s • Developmental Nationalism • President JuscelinoKubitschek (1956-1961) • Rapid industrialization: • b/t 1955-1964—industrial production increased by 80% • Develop national industry with the help of foreign capital and loans from the IMF • New Capital City: Brasilía • Built by Oscar Niemeyer (architect) and Lucio Costa (town-planner) • Building began in 1956; city inaugurated in 1960

  9. Brasilía, Capital of Brazil

  10. Original design of the Pilot Plan by Lucio Costa, 1957

  11. Cinema Novo • Three phases • Phase 1: 1960-1964 • Phase 2: 1964-1968 • Phase 3: 1968-1972 • Directors: Glauber Rocha, Ruy Guerra, Carlos Diegues, Nelson Pereira dos Santos

  12. Cinema Novo, Phase 1: 1960-1964 • Mode of Production • Independent and artisanal • i.e. total rejection of the Vera Cruz and chanchada models • Low budget (ex: $25,000 to make _VidasSecas_) • Mode of representation • Outdoor, location shooting • Nonprofessional actors • Themes: Everyday life themes; Progressive, socially critical of lack of institutions • Cinematography: overexposure; high contrast; handheld camera work; mobile; long takes; no filters or bounce boards • Sound: ambient; no score • Editing: Continuity • Mise-en-scene: realist

  13. VidasSecas, opening sequence(Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)

  14. VidasSecas, ox cart (diegetic sound)(Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)

  15. VidasSecas, ending(Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963)

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