The Spread of Chinese Civilization

1. Korea, Vietnam, and Japan The Spread of Chinese Civilization

2. I. Introduction • Other Societies in East Asia: Korea, Vietnam, and Japan • Developed ??? And ??? • Involved in world trade patterns • Deeply influenced by… • Invasion • Trade • Religion

3. Partner Discussion Question • With Korea, Vietnam, and Japan being geographically, culturally, and economically close to China, what effect did this relationship have on these areas relationships with other areas/peoples of the world during the period 600 to 1450 CE?

4. I. Introduction • Links emphasized…BUT… • Korea and Japan • Vietnam

7. II. Korea • The Three Kingdoms • Formed during the 2nd century • Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla • Religion diffused from China to Korea • The Silla Dynasty (668 to late 9th century) • Chinese invasion • Tributary or vassal state • Great autonomy • Expanded trade

9. Partner Discussion Question • Given China’s military superiority over Korea, why do you think the Tang emperor allowed this level of autonomy to the Koreans but not to other regions within his empire?

10. II. Korea • Similarities with Chinese Civilization • Confucianism and Buddhism • Examination system • Differences with Chinese Civilization • Confucianism and Buddhism • Bureaucracy still… • Social classes • Arts and Technology

11. III. Vietnam • Han and Tang invasions • Resistance and Rebellion • Absorbed Chinese culture and technology • Imitated administrative system and bureaucracy • Spread of Buddhism

13. III. Vietnam • Differences with Chinese Civilization • Own sophisticated culture • Language • Village • Family • Women • Religion • Literature

14. Language • Chữnôm • “Characters of talking” • Translation of Chinese characters to Vietnamese sounds

15. Partner Discussion Questions • What were some possible reasons why the Vietnamese were able to resist or not fully embrace certain aspects of Chinese civilization? Think in terms of geography, culture, economics, etc.

16. IV. Japan • Isolation • Development of small states • Language and religion • Shintoism • Interaction with the Tang Dynasty • Yamato clan • Imitation of Chinese government

18. IV. Japan • Heian Era (794-1185CE) • Mid-8th century • Confucianism and Buddhism established…BUT… • Chinese culture had spread • Architecture • Shrines • Fujiwara family • Largest state in Japan • Modeled on China’s government • Appreciated Chinese culture

21. IV. Japan • Heian Era • Literature - The Tale of Genji • Written about 1000 CE by a noblewoman – MurasakiShikibu • Court life of the Fujiwara family • “Prince Genji” • World’s first novel

22. The Tale of Genji

23. Partner Discussion Question • What do you think is the most surprising (maybe due to the time period) aspect of the publication of the Tale of Genji?

24. IV. Japan • Heian Era • By the Mid-1100’s • Rise of the warrior class • Conflict between warriors • Minamoto Family • The Shogun • Japanese Feudalism • Establishment of the “bakufu” • Feudal political structure • No elaborate bureaucracy

26. Partner Discussion Question • In what ways is the Japanese feudal order similar to the social/political order of China? How is different?

27. IV. Japan • Warrior Mentality • Shogun – Military governor • Daimyo – Regional war-lords/strongmen • Samurai – Professional warrior class • “Way of the warrior” = Bushido • Seppuku (or hari-kiri) • Internal turmoil