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Spread of Chinese Civilization

Spread of Chinese Civilization. Vietnam Korea Japan. Korea. 313-618: Three Kingdoms period All vie for control, but unable to unite Korea Influx of Chinese influence 618-668: Silla (Korean) & Tang dynasties ally to conquer Korea 668-918: Silla independent rule 918-1392: Koryo dynasty

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Spread of Chinese Civilization

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  1. Spread of Chinese Civilization Vietnam Korea Japan

  2. Korea • 313-618: Three Kingdoms period • All vie for control, but unable to unite Korea • Influx of Chinese influence • 618-668: Silla (Korean) & Tang dynasties ally to conquer Korea • 668-918: Silla independent rule • 918-1392: Koryo dynasty • 1231-1392 – Mongol Overlords • 1392-1910: Yi dynasty

  3. Vietnam • 111 BCE – 939 CE = Chinese rule • 39 CE: Trung Sisters lead revolt • 939-1500 = Vietnam breaks free of Chinese rule • various dynasties continue Chinese-style policies

  4. Spread of Chinese Civilization: The Basics… Tribute System Buddhism Sinification

  5. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Korea: Between China & Japan

  6. Independent, but… • Korea filled with political rivalry • Koguryo, Paekae, Silla • Tang & Silla (668-918) • Koryo (918-1392) • Long lived in shadow of China • Han expansion • Buddhism • Settlers during Chinese weakness

  7. Civilization for the Few • Society & sinification dominated by elite • Everyone oriented to service aristocrats • Schooling • Administrative techniques • Exam system bureaucrats – Elite only • Flexibility of women replaced • Confucianism • Only Buddhism permeates masses

  8. Effects • Elite & legitimizing rule • Hangul • 1392-1910: Yi • Hermit Kingdom

  9. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Vietnam: b/t China & SE Asia

  10. Conquest & Sinification • Vassal in tribute system • Aware of China’s superiority • Han & Tang expansion results in full incorporation by China (111 BCE-939 CE) • Expected to assimilate “southern barbarians”

  11. Elite & the Masses • Vietnamese elite value some advantages of Sinification: • Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism • Political & military organization • But strong popular identity remains: • Language • Nuclear families • Freedom of women • Customs

  12. Effects • Political resistance remains • Cross-class, cross-gender • Vietnam expands southward • Cultural influence remains • Mandate of Heaven • True exam system • Buddhism

  13. Korea Middle Kingdom Japan Vietnam Japan: Selective Borrowing

  14. Imperial Age • 600-794 CE: Deliberate borrowing • Taika Reforms: aimed at creating a Chinese-styled central government • Son of Heaven, but not Mandate of Heaven • Chinese script & histories • Professional bureaucracy & peasant conscript army • Undermined by Buddhist monasteries & aristocrats

  15. Heian Period • 794-857 CE: Early Heian Period • Adapting borrowed ideas • Ultra-civilized – superficial focus on beauty & social interactions • Tale of Genji • 857-1185: Transition in the Late Heian • Attempts at centralization fail amidst powerful aristocrats (court & regional)

  16. Feudal Age • 1185-1600:Feudal Age of warfare • Daimyo • Samurai • Bushido • Peasants • Merchants • Age of gradual economic growth • Merchants & internal trade • Guilds & artisans

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