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IMT-2000 System Overview Youngnam Han ICU Tel : +82 42 866 6134 Fax :+82 42 866 6164

IMT-2000 System Overview Youngnam Han ICU Tel : +82 42 866 6134 Fax :+82 42 866 6164 E-mail : ynhan@icu.ac.kr. Contents. Introduction Market Forecast Standardization of IMT-2000 Standard Organizations Standards by ITU-R 18 th Meeting FDD-CDMA : Features of WCDMA & cdma2000

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IMT-2000 System Overview Youngnam Han ICU Tel : +82 42 866 6134 Fax :+82 42 866 6164

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  1. IMT-2000 System Overview Youngnam Han ICU Tel : +82 42 866 6134 Fax :+82 42 866 6164 E-mail : ynhan@icu.ac.kr

  2. Contents • Introduction • Market Forecast • Standardization of IMT-2000 • Standard Organizations • Standards by ITU-R 18th Meeting • FDD-CDMA : Features of WCDMA & cdma2000 • TDD-CDMA System • Status for IMT-2000 in Korea • System Development • Standardization • System Implementation • Conclusions

  3. Introduction • Known as FPLMTS with the same system concept as the UMTS of ETSI for creating a globally compatible public mobile system • A multi-function, multi-service, multi-application digital system that will use end-of-the-century technology to support universal roaming and offer broadband multimedia services requiring up to 2 Mb/s throughput • Minimum capability set • Indoor : 2Mb/s • Indoor to Outdoor/Pedestrian : 384 Kb/sec • Mobile : 144Kb/sec

  4. An opportunity to exploit 2 GHz band with a unified and universal personal mobile telecommunication system for multi-operator environment • System based on a single or a multiple standard • Frequency allocation • 230 MHz in the frequency band of 1885 ~ 2025 MHz, 2110 ~ 2200 MHz with 1980~2010 MHz and 2170~2200 MHz for satellite (WRC-92) • Current allocation of frequency bands requires frequency band harmonization worldwide • Asymmetric bandwidth allocation(140 MHz, 90 MHz) results in FDD and TDD mode of operation • Additional global identification of 160 MHz based on recent market forecast (ITU-R SG8/1)

  5. IMT-2000 MSS * GSM1800 # + UMTS MSS % IMT-2000 MSS Spectrum Allocation ITU/R Korea IMT-2000 MSS ETSI (EU) UMTS MSS IMT-2000 MSS & Japan PCS MSS MSS USA 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 MHz * MSS Req.2, # DECT, + UMTS/DECT, % UMTS, & PHS

  6. Service Categories • Mobility services • Terminal mobility • Location information • Interactive services • conversational service : real time end-to-end information transfer • message service : store-and-forward, mailbox and/or message handling • retrieval and storage service • Distributive Service • One-to-Multi point transmission (Multicasting) • Broadcasting • Telecommunication Services

  7. (426,940,1.7B) Y2010 Y2005 Y2000 2K (149,400,850) 1K (127,190,220) (113,200,260) Total of that total, of that total, of that total Europe, North Asia Pacific EU15 America Market Forecast Users in Million Data excerpt from UMTS Forum News letter

  8. Standardization Milestones in ITU-R • Call For Proposal : ‘97. 3 • Proposal Submission :‘97.3.-’98.6. • 11 Proposals for Terrestrial Systems • Evaluation : ‘97.10.-’98.9. • REVAL(RTT Evaluation) • Harmonization : ‘97.10.-’99.3. • RKEY (RTT Key Technologies) • Specification: ‘99.1.-’99.12. • 5 RSPCs(RTT Specifications) for terrestrial and 2 for satellite at 18th Helsinki Meeting • Release 99

  9. Final Approval of Radio Standards : May ‘00 • Approval by Radio communication Assembly • Decision on Additional Spectrum : June ’00 • World Radio Conference-2000 • Additional releases of IMT-2000 Specifications with Updates and Enhancements : 2000 Onwards • Modifications by SDOs • Release 2000 : 2000.12.

  10. ITU-R RTT Proposals • Terrestrial components • IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread : UTRA FDD or WCDMA • IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier : cdma2000 • IMT-2000 CDMA TDD : UTRA TDD and TD-SCDMA • IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier : UWC-136 • IMT-2000 TDMA Multi-Carrier (FDMA/TDMA) : DECT • Satellite components • Satellite Radio Interface A Specification • SW-CDMA : UTRA FDD or WCDMA • Satellite Radio Interface B Specification • W-C/TDMA : ETSI by Y2000

  11. Standard Development Organizations(SDOs) • 3GPP & 3GPP2 • Established based on ITU-T/R family concept • 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) • Global specifications for GSM/MAP network evolution to 3G and the UTRA RTT System based on ETSI UMTS WCDMA FDD & TDD • 3GPP participants: ETSI, ARIB/TTC, TTA, T1P1 • 3GPP2 • Global specifications for ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 network evolution to 3G and global specifications for the RTTs supported by ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 • 3GPP2 participants: TIA, TTA, ARIB/TTC, ETSI

  12. Standard Development Organizations(SDOs) • OHG(operators harmonization group) • Harmonization of CDMA technologies proposed to ITU-R early 1999 • Proposed system through harmonization • MC CDMA: based on cdma2000 • DS CDMA: based on WCDMA with 3.84 Mcps • TDD mode: based on WCDMA/TDD with 3.84 Mcps • G3G(global 3rd generation) Standards Specification with hooks Dec. 1999 DS/FDD & TDD Feb. 2000 Extensions for ANSI-41 Mar. 2000 Specification with hooks MC Extensions for GSM Jun. 2000

  13. GSM MAP ANSI 41 GSM MAP ANSI 41 GSM MAP L3 MM,CC (cdma2000) L3 MM,CC (W-CDMA) L3 MM,CC (cdma2000) L3 MM,CC (W-CDMA) L3 MM,CC (W-CDMA) Hooks L3 (W-CDMA) Hooks L3 (cdma2000) Extension Extension L2 (W-CDMA) Hooks Extension Extension Hooks L2 (cdma2000) Hooks L1(Harmonized W-CDMA) Extension Extension L1(Harmonized cdma2000) Hooks Multi carrier Direct Spread G3G Modular Protocol Structure

  14. IS-95A IS-95B cdma2000 IS-95Q or C IS-95C IS2000 Footprints to IS2000

  15. Footprints of WCDMA Europe Japan CoDiT (Code Division Test Bed) Wideband CDMA by NTT DoCoMo Wideband CDMA by ETSI WCDMA

  16. Modular IMT-2000 Harmonization: G3G 3G Family Roaming Ntwk to Ntwk Interfaces Evolved ANSI-41 IP-based Networks Evolved GSM(MAP) Flexible Connection between RTT Modes and Core Networks based on operator needs TDMA MC WCDMA (DS) CDMA TDD TDMA SC cdma2000 (MC)

  17. 3GPP(WCDMA FDD) 3GPP2(cdma2000) MA scheme DS/CDMA DS/CDMA(1.25MHz Only) or MC- DS/CDMA Bandwidth(MHz) 5/10/20 1.25/5/10/15/20 Chip rate(Mcps) 3.84/7.68/15.36 1.2288/3.6864/9.8304 /11.0592/14.7456 Frame length 10msec 5/20msec Modulation FL/RL QPSK/BPSK QPSK/BPSK Spreading FL/RL QPSK/HPSK(OCQPSK) QPSK/HPSK(OCQPSK) Spreading code FL Long(10ms) Short(20ms) RL Short(symbol length) /Long(10ms) Short(20ms) and Long Channel FL CCPCH/DPDCH/DPCCH/ Pilot/Sync/Paging/Traffic Structure SCH/ PDSCH/AICH/PICH (Fund. & Sup. For Traffic) RL PRACH/DPDCH/DPCCH Pilot/Control/Fund./Sup. Code & Time MUX Code MUX Systems Comparison

  18. 3GPP(WCDMA FDD) 3GPP2(cdma2000) Detection FL Coherent(Co. Pilot Ch.) Coherent (Co. Pilot Ch.) RL Coherent(Pilot Symbol) Coherent (Pilot Channel) Power Ctrl FL CL(1.5Kb/s, SIR of CPCH) CL(800b/s,SIR of CPCH) RL OL & CL OL & CL Multi-rate VSF & Multi-code VSF Rate Detection Var. length rate info. Blind(Fund.ch.), Scheduled(Sup.ch.) Rate Matching Symbol Rep., puncturing Seq. & Sym. Rep. & DTX & Puncturing Coding TCH Conv. /K=9, r=1/2, 1/3 Conv./K=9, r=1/4,1/3,1/2 Turbo(32k and up) Turbo(16k and up) CCH Conv. /K=9,r=1/2 Conv./K=4, r=1/4(RL) K=9, r=1/2(FL) RA Method AiSMA with pwr ramp Reservation MA Fwd. Tx. Div. TxAA & STD(CL), OTD(OL) STTD & TSTD(OL)

  19. Characteristics of WCDMA/FDD(DL) • BS asynchronous system • Cell searcher through synchronization codes • Transmission diversity • Performance enhancement • OL: STTD, CL: combined TxAA and STD • Dedicated pilot symbol • power estimation for fast down link power control • Pilot estimation for adaptive beam forming • TFCI(transport format combination indicators) • Rate information transmission

  20. Characteristics of WCDMA/FDD(DL) • Efficient power control timing • one power control group delay • Channelization by orthogonal variable spreading factor codes • Turbo codes for traffic channel bit rate of 32K and up • High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable-rate services on one connection (voice and data simultaneously)

  21. Characteristics of WCDMA FDD (UL) • Coherent detection with pilot/TPC/TFCI • Performance enhancement • Improved reverse link power control performance with continuous pilot • Hearing-aid problem resolution for voice service • AiSMA(acquisition indication sense MA) • Acquisition indication based random access mechanism with preamble power ramping • Slotted ALOHA /CD • Improving throughput via acquisition indication transmitted by BS • Capacity increase through interference reduction by preamble access

  22. Characteristics of WCDMA FDD (UL) • Spectrally efficient modulation • HPSK(OCQPSK) • Combination of QPSK and p/2 BPSK in phase constellation • Peak-to-average ratio reduction by 1 dB • TFCI • Efficient power control timing • one power control group delay • Channelization by OVSF Code • Turbo codes for traffic channel bit rate of 32K and up

  23. Hot-spot scenario HCS-scenario Macro Micro Macro Hot spot f2 f2 f1 f1f1 f1 f1 Handover f2f1 sometimes needed at hot spot Handover f2f1 always needed between layers Inter-frequency Handover WCDMA Key Feature : Handover

  24. Characteristics of cdma2000 (FL) • Multi-Carrier DS/CDMA • 1.2288 Mcps per 1.25 MHz carrier with N carriers • Auxiliary pilot • Beam forming for adaptive array antenna • Forward transmit diversity • OTD(Orthogonal Transmit Diversity) & Multicarrier Transmit Diversity • Quick paging channel (QPCH) • Significantly prolongs standby time of MS in slotted mode • Orthogonal forward link channels with Walsh functions

  25. Characteristics of cdma2000 (FL) • QPSK data modulation • doubles the number of Walsh channels • Quasi-orthogonal function • With code shortage (e.g. due to DCCH usage) • Forward error correction • Convolution codes (K=9) for voice and low rate data • Turbo Codes(K=4) for data rates above 14.4 kb/s • Fast forward power control • 800 Hz update rate • Common pilot & PCB based measurement

  26. Characteristics of cdma2000(RL) • Coherent link with parallel pilot /PCB channel • Modulation : HPSK(OCQPSK) • Code multiplexed channels by Walsh codes • Orthogonalization • Pilot/PCB channel • Fundamental channel : voice, low rate data, signaling • Supplemental channel : high rate data • Up to 2 supplemental channels • Dedicated control channel : MAC control, signaling • RsMA(Reservation MA) • Improved packet transmission

  27. cdma2000 MC Mode • MC Deployment • Orthogonality maintained on FL enables overlay of wider bandwidth on top of 1.25 MHz system • cdma2000 MC extensions • cdma2000 3X MC FL and cdma2000 1X RL • cdma2000 3X MC • Coupling 1X and 3X together • MC FL can be sent through different PAs, which don’t have intermodulation between them • Asymmetric traffic characteristics can be taken into account • Less out-of-band interference

  28. 1.25MHz FL 0 1 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 9 10 MHz cdma2000 MC Mode 1.25MHz RL 0 1 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 9 10 MHz

  29. 1.25 MHz cdma2000 1X cdma2000 3X MC FL 1X RL 0 1 2 3 4 5 MHz RL cdma2000 3X MC 0 1 2 3 4 5 MHz cdma2000 MC Mode • cdma2000 Multi-Carrier Extensions FL

  30. FDD and TDD systems frequency allocation frequency FDD Guard frequency MS BS Guard time TDD TDD-CDMA System Concepts • Reciprocity of forward and reverse channel • Both MS and BS use a single frequency channel time

  31. TDD frame(BS) BS tp1 M1 tp2 tp1 TDD frame(M1) TDD frame(BS) BS M1 BS M2 M2 tp2 TDD frame(M2) • Cell radius • Guard time length limited by transmission delay • Cell radius limited by the round trip delay

  32. Features of TDD-CDMA • Benefits • Pre-Rake • Antenna Diversity • Open loop power control • Problems • Synchronization and interference to outage • adjacent MSs with different asymmetries • adjacent BSs with the same frequency band • UMTS: WCDMA/FDD and WCDMA/TDD • FDD: Large cells, high mobility with moderate data rate • TDD: Small cells, low mobility with high data rate and asymmetric service

  33. M1 M3 MSm MSm M2 • HCS : TDD cell overlaid onto a FDD cell • Potential interference problems to outage • Overall system capacity increase w/o additional BW allocation • Handover between TDD and FDD

  34. Research & Development Issues • Radio Channel Model • Various environment • Indoor, Indoor/Outdoor and Pedestrian,Vehicular • Millimeter Wave Propagation • Radio Transmission Technology • Physical Layer • Spreading : Direct Sequence and Multi-carrier • Fast cell search techniques : WCDMA • Channel coding (Turbo Code) for multimedia traffic • Robust decoding algorithm • Power Control : Fast forward power control • MAI reduction techniques • Adaptive array antenna (beam forming) • Interference cancellation techniques

  35. Radio Resource management • Idle Mode Tasks • Cell Selection/reselection • Location Registration • Call Admission Control • RRC Connection Mobility : Handover • Inter-frequency handover • Intersystem handover (e.g., 2G to and from 3G) • Radio Bearer Control • Control UE and system resources • Resource Allocation : Code allocation • Power management • Radio link surveillance for Tx diversity mode selection

  36. Optimal operation • Optimal parameter selection • Hierarchical cell structure • Overlay cell (various 3Gs, IS95 and 3G) • Hot spot cell • Networks • Wireless ATM • Mobile IP (Mobile Internet) to All IP • Future Radio System Concepts • Software Defined Radio(SDR) • Cognitive Radio

  37. Status of IMT-2000 in Korea • System Development • Project for a prototype system development • finished with a system based on Global CDMA I (similar to IS-2000) by ETRI • Grand Consortium supported by MIC and Industries including Motorola and Ericsson in 1996 • Project for a system development based on W-CDMA • Started in September, 1999 at ETRI • Consortium supported mainly by Industries including • 2 Supporters for infrastructure development : Samsung, Hyundai • 3 Supporters for mobile unit : Samsung, Hyundai, and PanTech

  38. Implementation scenario • Milestone announced by MIC (Sept. 1999) • June ‘00 : Decision will be made on the number of Licensees and method of allocating spectrum bands • September ‘00 : Call For Proposal • December ‘00 : License awarding with frequency allocation • January ‘02 : Launching IMT-2000 Service • May ‘02 : (World cup Soccer Game) Nationwide Commercial Service • Issues to be resolved • Debate on the service category • License awarding process • Frequency auction • Beauty contest

  39. Conclusions • CDMA Technology Trends • Narrowband DS/CDMA(IS-95) to Wideband DS/CDMA and MC-DS/CDMA(W-CDMA, IS2000) • Averaging Effect (more widespread) • How to achieve widespread • MC(Multi-carrier) or DS(Direct Sequence) • Inter BS Synchronization • Synchronous (GPS) • Asynchronous : cell search by codes

  40. Conclusions • Open Questions • Service characterization • Revolution or evolution • Need more carriers into the field of wireless communication ? • Spectrum allocation • How many operators for IMT-2000? • Future reuse of 2nd Gen. bands: The identification of existing 2nd gen. bands for IMT-2000 according to market evolution

  41. Additional Issues • Additional spectrum for IMT-2000 (UMTS) • Global harmonization : minimum of 160 MHz additional spectrum for terrestrial component and 2500-2520/2670-2790 MHz for MSS allocation • 2520-2670 MHz is considered the best candidate with part(s) of the band 2700-2900 MHz : a possible global candidate • 403 MHz for Y2005 and 582 MHz for Y2010 estimated by EU • Time of Deployment

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