The KKK to Jim Crow

1. Something’s Happening Here... The KKK to Jim Crow

2. What was the life of Southern Blacks? • Post-Civil War • Freedman’s Bureau • Black Codes • Apprehension of unemployed blacks • Hire blacks out to private employers to pay debts • Forbade ownership or leasing of farms • Restricted movement

3. What was the “Remedy”? • Reconstruction • 13th Amendment - Ends slavery • 14th Amendment – Citizenship & Equal protection • 15th Amendment - Voting rights • Southern states were forced to include these amendments in reconstruction constitutions • The people disagreed

4. Ku Klux Klan or “Kuklos” • Organized winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. • Klan was a “secret fraternity club” rather than a terrorist organization. • The costume was a mask and white robe and conical pointed hat

5. Atrocities against Blacks • Systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. • Beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting • Blacks could be murdered for almost any reason ...Or simply for being black

6. Illegal to: deprive a person his or her rights as a citizen. overthrow or destroy the government by force stop the execution of any law or to seize U.S. property prevent a person from holding office or to resign by force or injury to prevent anyone from testifying truthfully as a witness, serving as a juror, or in another role in the court system punish anyone who had testified, served as a juror or attended a trial to use force, intimidation or threat to prevent participation in the election process Authorizes the President to use the military to suppress actions by States unable or unwilling to prevent these activities Civil Rights Act of 1871Ku Klux Klan Act Several of its provisions still exist today

7. End of Reconstruction • Panic of 1873-1876 • Compromise of 1877 • Hayes gains the White House • End of Federal control over southern politics • Democrats “redeem” Southern legislatures

8. The Negro Response • Booker T Washington • 1890s • Education was vital to the future of blacks • Forgo agitating for political rights • “put down your bucket where you are” • W.E.B. Du Bois • 1903 • Advocated that talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education • Helped found the NAACP

9. Plessy vs. Ferguson • Highly orchestrated effort • Challenged separate but equal in Louisiana • 1890: Act 111 required separate accommodations for African Americans and Whites on railroads • Plessy would be thrown off the railway car and arrested for violating the Separate Car Act - leading to a challenge with the high court.

10. Jim Crow • Segregated educational facilities • Separate hotels and restaurants • Separate beaches • Restrictions on interracial marriage • Complex voter registration rules, literacy and propertytests, poll taxes, and white primaries

11. The Legal End-game • NAACP • A. Philip Randolph • Desegregation of the Armed Forces • Brown vs. Board of Education • “I have a Dream” – Non-violent protest • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965

12. William Rehnquist • "I realize that it is an unpopular and unhumanitarian position, ... but I think Plessy v. Ferguson was right and should be reaffirmed. To the argument... that a majority may not deprive a minority of its constitutional right, ...in the long run it is the majority who will determine what the constitutional rights of the minority are."

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/index.html • US Public Law 88-352, Civil Rights At of 1964 • Jim Crow Laws - http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/jcrow02.htm • “The Ku Klux Klan, A Secret History”The History Channel, A&E Television Network, 1998

14. Something’s Happening Here... The KKK to Jim Crow