Japan

1. Japan • Archipelago located in S.E. Asia • 85 % Mountains not suited for agriculture (Terrace Farming) • High population sustained by Rich Fishing grounds • Imports resources for Industry

2. Shintoism • Japanese Religion • “The Way of the Gods” • Kami-Spirit contained in all living and non-living things • Worship of nature (similar to animism)

3. Japanese Culture • Kabuki Theater- violent emotional drama • Sumo Wrestling • Homogeneous People, have retained much of their traditional life, although modernized as well • Haiku- Short poem of only 17 syllables

4. Early Civilizations • Heavily influenced by Chinese through Korea (Literature calligraphy, architecture, Buddhism) • Japanese took Chinese culture and adapted it to create their own unique culture (Isolation)

5. Feudal Period 1186-1600 • Power rested in hands of Warriors • Rigid Class Structure • Code of Bushido-code of conduct for warrior Samurai (Chivalry) Emperor Shogun (actual ruler) Daimyo(land owners) Samurai (Warriors) Peasants, Merchants, Artisans

6. Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1888 • last of the military dynasties • Banned contact w/ foreigners, forbade missionaries to enter Japan (Isolation) • Commodore Perry opens Japan to American Ships & trade (1853) • Treaty of Kanagawa opened ports to trade

7. Meiji Restoration 1869-1912 • Modernization and westernization of Japan • Eliminated Feudalism • Built political, military and economic strength • Stressed Education • Industrialization lead to Imperialism

8. Japan as Industrial Power • Sino- Japanese War-(1894-1895) war w/ China. Japan gains Formosa and a Sphere of influence in Korea • Russo- Japanese War- (1904-1905) Fought with Russia over control of Korea. • Russia is defeated

9. WWI-Japan joins war on side of Allies. Seizes German areas in China. Becomes major power in Asia Imperialism- Japan seizes parts of China and islands in the Pacific WWII-Rome/Tokyo/ Berlin Axis, is defeated after atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki

10. US Occupation After WWII • Under the leadership of Gen. Macarthur • Japans is transformed into a Constitutional Monarchy • Parliament known as the Diet. • Woman receive equal rights.

11. Today Democratic System of Government- Parliament Education-Highly educated. Literacy rate of 99% Economy-Highly industrialized

12. Mongols • Central Asia 1200’s • Nomadic Herders and Warriors • Genghis Khan-Conquered most of Asia from Korea • Invaded E. Europe and Russia

13. Pax Mongolia • Pax Mongolia-period of trade and the exchange of goods between the East and West • Marco Polo- an Italian merchant traveled to court of Kublai Khan

14. Mongol Dynasty in China • Kublai Khan conquered China • Controlled Korea, Tibet, and parts of Vietnam • He called the dynasty Yuan Dynasty

15. ChinaAncient Times through Today

16. Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule • Causes • Resentment of foreign control (Spheres of Influence) • The need for modernization (Factories, Education, Military) • Nationalist movements

17. China’s Geography • Population: 1 billion • Mountains: Himalayas • Rivers: Yangtze and Yellow (Huang He) • Desert: Gobi • Ocean: Pacific

18. Ethnocentrism • Natural barriers (mountain, rivers, oceans, deserts) • Lack of outside contact (Isolation) • They believed they were the center of the universe • Middle Kingdom • Would lead to downfall

19. River Valleys • Early River Valley Civilizations • Huang He and Yangtze Rivers • Fertile Land and Agriculture

20. Shang Dynasty: 1600 BC • Writings based on pictograms and ideograms • Worshipped Shang Ti (main god) who controlled the spirits of nature • Deceased were go-betweens with the spirits. (Ancestor Worship)

21. Chou Dynasty 1122 BC- 256 BC Mandate of Heaven A dynasty had heavens blessing if it governed justly

22. Ch'in Dynasty • Protection from Invasion • Kept population in The Great Wall

23. Han Dynasty 140 BC-220 BC • Civil Service Exams • Paper • Sundial • Accurate Calendar

24. Confucianism • Peace and Order between:Individuals & Government • Loyalty and respect to FAMILY stressed • Act according to 5 relationships • Ruler • Subject • Parent • Spouse

25. Taoism • Rejects Confucius rules of behavior • Stressed simplicty • Meditation • Closeness with Nature • “The More Laws the More Bandits”

26. Legalism • Unconcerned with Ethics or Meditation • Men are motivated by Greed and Fear • Strong Government to reward the Good and punish the Bad

27. Buddhism • Spreads to China from India • Wins over many of the peasants class, who convert to Buddhism • Wheel of Dharma

28. 1215 Genghis Khan invade China Mongol Empire includes much of Asia Dynasty) Marco Polo visits (cultural Diffusion) 1368 Ming Dynasty founded Overseas exploration Best Technology 1493 China returns to isolationism 1644 Invaders from Manchuria set up the Manchu Dynasty Many Restricts Foreign trade only allowed in Canton TimeLine

29. The Opium War Indian and Turkish opium is sold to Chinese 1839 Chinese Gov’t destroys $6million of British Opium Great Britain seizes Canton and more European Imperialism

30. 1842 Treaty of Nanking Great Britain received money Hong Kong Exterritoriality British in China obey British Law not Chinese 1850 Taiping Rebellion Chinese rebel against Manchu Gov’t Europeans help the Gov’t because of their favorable ties Rebellion is crushed Europeans gained more concessions Unequal Treaties

31. Great Britain Germany Russia Japan US did not have a sphere, but they instituted the “Open Door Policy” Free trade anywhere in China 1900 “Fists of Righteous Harmony” (Boxers) Wanted to rid China of foreign invaders Europeans crushed the Boxer Rebellion and won more concessions Spheres of Influence

32. 1911 Revolutionaries overthrew the Q’ing Dynasty Dr. Sun Yat-sen named 1st president Brought democracy and modernization to China Allied China with Russia who gave aid and territory After his death, Jiang Jieshi came to power Revolution of 1911

33. The Long March

34. Chinese Civil War

35. A Tale of Two China's (1949) • Nationalist Republic of China- Taiwan (Democratic) Jiang Jieshi • Supported byUnited States • Peoples Republic of China- Mainland China (Communist) Mao Zedong • Supported by Soviet Union • Today both claim to be the Legitimate government of China

36. Mao's Agrarian Reform • Redistributed land from wealthy to peasants • Collectivization (Communes) Killed any who resisted • Similar to Stalin’s Collective Farms

37. Great Leap Forward 1958 • 5-Year Plan to increase industrial & agricultural output • High production quotas • Established “Peoples Communes” • Peasants had no incentive to work • Program was major failure • Poor planning, low production, crop failures, famine

38. The Cultural Revolution • Attempt to renew peoples loyalty to Communism • Purges of counterrevolutionaries • Intellectuals & artists • Militia units known as The Red Guard formed by students

39. Relations With Foreign Powers • USSR offers financial, military & technical aid • Relationship breaks apart in 1960’s • Supports North Korea in Korean War • U.S. does not formally recognize China until 1979 • UN Membership in 1971

40. 1980 • Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms: • Limited Capitalism • Land Reform-No more communes • Modernization • Increased trade with foreign countries • New Constitution

41. Population Control • Newlyweds to have only one child in return for subsidies ($) • Not in effect for rural areas

42. 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre • Peaceful student protest for greater Democracy and freedom of Tibet • Government kills thousands

43. China Today • As more capitalistic trends are introduced, the question is: • How long can they continue the Communistic political philosophy?

44. India

45. Geography • Himalayan Mountains • Northern Plain(Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra) • Deccan Plateau-Very dry, poor farming • Coastal Plains-Good fishing, West coast • Monsoons-Seasonal winds control Indian life. Summer monsoons bring rain, winter brings drought

46. Religions Hinduism Gods: Brahma-The Creator Vishnu-The Preserver Shiva-The Destroyer Caste System

47. Religions • Buddhism • Four Noble Truths • Suffering is universal • Cause of suffering is desire • Ultimate goal Nirvana • Path to Nirvana is Middle Way • 8 Fold Path • Belief in Karma and Reincarnation • Do not believe in any gods • Do not believe in the Caste System • Buddhism spread to China, Korea, Tibet and Japan

48. Islam • 900’s Islam expands into India • Believe in One God (Hindus believe in many) • Muslim rulers (Sultans) have • Great Power • Persecute Hindus

49. Mughal India • 1526-1857 • Akbar the Great • Muslim ruler, but tolerant toward Hindus

50. 1498 Vasco da Gamma reaches India Trade with Europe Opens 1526 Mogul invaders led by G. Kahn sweep into India 300 years of Muslim Taj Majal 1700’s East India Company of Great Britain Takes over after Mogul Dominate Indian Politics Commercial Colonialism GB controlled trade and used soldiers for protection Explorers Come to India