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Japan

Japan. Periods 3-6. Period 3-Isolation. Geography- rocky, island- isolated from mainland Language separate from Chinese Religion- Shintoism -animistic that emphasized nature/spirits ( kami ) that inhabit objects in nature Developed aristocratic clans Some trade with Tang (China)

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Japan

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  1. Japan Periods 3-6

  2. Period 3-Isolation • Geography- rocky, island- isolated from mainland • Language separate from Chinese • Religion- Shintoism-animistic that emphasized nature/spirits (kami) that inhabit objects in nature • Developed aristocratic clans • Some trade with Tang (China) • Yamato Clan took over introduced Buddhism

  3. Period 3-Fujiwara Rule/Heian Age • Culture • Melding of Shintoism, Confucianism & Buddhism • Mastered Chinese building styles • Aristocracy appreciated poetry • Tale of Genji- (c1000 CE) • written by a noblewoman (MurasakiShikibu) • First book written in Japanese • Described court life • Ironic that women were not encouraged to be educated! • Japanese dynasties rarely changed (unlike China) since emperor had little power • Government- entrusted to warriors • Shogun- military governor who ruled in place of emperor

  4. Period 3-Minamoto Clan estBakufu –military government • Like Europe-developed feudalism • Regional lords controlled land and economic powers • Unlike Fujiwara aristocracy-valued military skills rather than poetic skills • Local Lords supported by warriors-Samurais • Samurais provided military services in exchange for food, clothing and housing • Lived by Bushido code (code of the warrior)-complete loyalty to lord • If violated code, committed seppuku (suicide by knife to the guts) • Political instability-period characterized by much fighting among lords

  5. Feudalism in Japan vs Europe

  6. Period 4 • Government decentralized- • Daimyos • held local power • even though pledged allegiance to emperor, they acted independently • late1500s civil war leads to ToyotomiHideyoshi taking power • Attacked Korea—Korean ironclad “turtle boats” defeat Japanese navy—stopped Hideyoshi from attacking Chinese Ming Dynasty

  7. Period 4-Isolation • Tokugawa Shogunate (aka bakufu)-1603-1867 • Government centralized • To control daimyo- created alternate attendance requiring daimyo to spend every other year at court-weakened daimyo • economically by requiring them to keep two houses • politically because could not plot revolts while at court • Similar system to Louis XIV in France of having his nobles live at Versailles with him • Economics- increased agricultural production (like China)—led to problems in population control (Japan had limited space) • Limited trade with west and China—limited to one entry (similar to Canton System) • Culture- • Faith-rooted in combination of Shintoism, Buddhism & Confucianism –based on hierarchies • Christian missionaries expelled 1580s • Theatre-Kabuki, poetry • Social Structure- strict hierarchy but agricultural production sees rise in merchant wealth and status—Samurai became idle elites who fell in to debt

  8. Period 5 • Tokugawa Shogunate still in power • USA (Matthew Perry/black ships) demands Japan open trade – like the Chinese had just done for Great Britain • Shogun agreed to Unequal Treaty-treaty of Kanagawa-similar to Chinese treating granting trading privileges • As a result of unequal treaties, Daimyos (local lords) rebel and start a new government

  9. Period 5-Meiji RestorationJapan becomes equal to west • Oligarchy (rule by a few) takes power but had a figurehead emperor • Oligarchy wants to make TOTAL reforms (unlike China where no consensus) • Culture/Education- • Increase literacy with primary schools for all • Increase science and technology training home and abroad • Keep Japanese moral codes/censor texts ( based on Shintoism) • Government • Westernize military based on draft (conscription) new technology-defeat Russia in Russo-Japanese War 1904 • Broader taxes, eliminate money to Samurai, fill bureaucracy by merit • Economics (one of last to industrial but very successful) • Industrialize- government banks, railroads, mines, shipyards, steel factories, textiles-promote private enterprise and social mobility!

  10. Period 6-World War II • Invaded Manchuria then China • 1940 Signed Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy • War in Pacific • Took European colonies in SE Asia-GB and US cut off shipments of oil and steel to Japan • Dec 7, 1941 attach Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) and bring US into WWII • Japan takes Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Malaya by 1942 • Lost to US at Battles of Coral Sea and Midway-US began “island hopping” capturing key islands in Pacific • US drops atomic bomb on Japanese ports Hiroshima & Nagasaki-Japan surrenders

  11. Atomic Bomb

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