MEDICINE FOR FINALS

1. MEDICINE FOR FINALS

2. CARDIOVASCULAR INTRODUCTION MAY I EXAMINE YOU? 45 DEGREES INSPECTION (SOB, SCARS, MALAR FLUSH, ANKLE OEDEMA) ALWAYS LOOK AROUND THE BED, INHALERS, OXYGEN, DIET DRINKS ETC

3. EXAMINATION LOOK AT THE HANDS FINGER CLUBBING CYANOSIS SPLINTER HAEMORRAGES PALE

4. PULSE RATE RHYTMN CHARACTER BRACHIAL/CAROTID VOLUME COLLAPSING PULSE

5. CAUSES OF IRREGULAR IRREGULAR PULSE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, VE�S, ATRIAL FLUTTER WITH VAR BLOCK, CHB CAUSES OF AF ISCHAMIC HEART DISEASE RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE THYROID NO CAUSE CARDIOMYOPATHY WPW INFECTION ASD

6. COLLAPSING PULSE AORTIC REGURG LOOK FOR CORRIGAN�S SIGN PDA PAGETS PREGNANCY RUPTURED ANEURYSM OF AORTIC SINUS FEVER ANAEMIA

7. RADIO-FEMORAL DELAY COARCTATION OF THE AORTA ASK WHILE EXAMINING THE PULSE CAN YOU CHECK FOR THIS

8. BLOOD PRESSURE ALWAYS REMEMBER TO ASK IF YOU CAN CHECK THE BLOOD PRESSURE

9. JVP INTERNAL JUGULAR BETWEEN THE TWO HEADS EQUAL TO PRESSURES IN THE RIGHT ATRIUM a WAVE = ATRAL CONTRACTION v WAVE= ATRIAL FILLING DURING VENTRICLAR SYSTOLE,TRICUSPID VALVE IS CLOSED

10. CAUSES OF A RAISED JVP HEART FAILURE �ELEVATION, SUSTAINED HJR PE � ELEVATED PERICARDIAL EFFUSION-ELEVATED, PROMINENT Y DESCENT CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS-ELEVATED KUSSMAULS, PARADOXICAL RISE ON INSPIRATION AF NO a WAVES TRICUSPID STENOSIS- GIANT a WAVES TRICUSPID REGURG- GIANT v WAVES COMPLETE HEART BLOCK- CANNON WAVES

11. APEX BEAT LOOK FOR STERNOTOMY SCARS LOOK FOR THORACOTOMY SCARS POSITION AND CHARACTER CHECK FOR HEAVES OR THRILLS

12. HEART SOUNDS PALPATE THE CAROTID SIMULTANEOUSLY COMMENT ON I AND II OR ADDITIONAL MURMURS

13. MURMURS STENOSIS- APEX LEFT LATERAL USE THE BELL REMEMBER CHANGES IN BREATHING INSPIRATION RIGHT HEART MURMURS GET LOUDER EXPIRATION LEFT SIDE MURMURS GET LOUDER PANSYSTOLIC MURMUR APEX, AXILLA EARLY DIASTOLIC AORTIC REGURG 3RD ICS SIT FORWARD ON EXP

14. GRADING OF MURMURS 1. FAINT 2. FAINT BUT EASILY DETECTED 3. POMINENT BUT NOT LOUD 4. LOUD THRILL 5. VERY LOUD 6. LOUD WITHOUT CONTACT

15. REMEMBER LUNG BASES SACRAL OEDEMA HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY FAILURE PERIPHERAL PULSES

16. MITRAL STENOSIS MALAR FLUSH PULSE- IRREGULR IRREGULAR RAISED JVP TAPPING APEX NOT DISPLACED LEFT PARASTERNAL HEAVE(RIGHT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT) LOUD 1ST HS OPENING SNAP

17. MITRAL STENOSIS CAUSES- RHD TAPPING APEX BEAT -DUE TO ACCENTUATED 1ST HS OPENING SNAP OPENING OF A STENOSED VALVE � PLIABLE, ABSENT IN DIFFUSELY CALCIFIED VALVE LOUD 1ST � VALVES ARE MOBILE PRESYSTOLIC ACCENTUATION- SINUS RHYTMN DUE TO THE ATRIAL SYSTOLE WHICH INCREASES FLOW ACROSS A STENOTIC VALVE

18. COMLICATIONS LEFT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT AF PULMONARY HTN TR RHF

19. SEVERITY NARROWER DISTANCE BETWEEN 2ND HS AND OS LONGER THE DIASTOLIC MURMUR

20. MITRAL REGURG PERIPHERAL PULSES- NORMAL JERKY DUE TO REDUCED SYSTOLIC EJECTION TIME SECONDARY TO A LARGE VOLUME OF BLOOD REGURG INTO LEFT ATRIUM APEX BEAT- DISPLACED 1ST HS SOFT 3RD HS PSM -> AXILLA LOUDER ON EXP

21. CAUSES OF MR MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE RHD LEFT VENTRICLAR DILATATION CORONARY DISEASE ANNULAR CALCIFICATION ENDOCARDITIS PAPILLARY MUSCLE RUPTURE CARDIOMYOPATHY CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDER TRAUMA MYXOMATOUS DEGENERATION

22. CAUSES OF PSM MR TR VSD HOCM

23. AORTIC REGURG PULSE- LARGE VOLUME, COLLAPSING CORRIGAN�S APEX DISPLACED OUTWARDS, FORCEFUL EDM- LSE SIT FORWARD EXPIRATION

24. Aortic Regurgitation WIDE PULSE PRESSURE FEMORALS- PISTOL SHOTS(TRAUBE�S) TO AND FRO MURMUR (DUROZIEZ�S) CORRIGANS � CAROTID PULSATION QUINCKE�S UVULA PULSATIONS (MULLER�S) ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPIL MARFANS ANK SPOND, RA

25. Causes Of Aortic Regurgitation RF HTN ATHEROSCLEROSIS ENDOCARDITIS SYPHILIS MARFANS RA ANK SPOND TRAUMA AORTIC DISSECTION

26. SEVERITY WIDE PULSE PRESSURE SOFT 2ND HS 3RD HS AUSTIN FLINT MURMUR LVF LONGER + LOUDER

27. AORTIC STENOSIS LOW VOLUME SLOW RISING APEX- HEAVING, NOT DISPLACED SOFT 2ND EJECTION CLICK S4 MAY BE HEARD ESM NARROW PULSE PRESSURE REVERSE SPLITTING

28. CAUSES OF AORTIC STENOSIS RHEUMATIC DEGENERATIVE CALCIFICATION OF A BICUSPID VALVE

29. OTHER CAUSES OF ESM PULM STENOSIS HOCM SUPRAVALVULAR STENOSIS

30. SYMPTOMS FATIGUE ANGINA DYSPNOEA SYNCOPE DEATH

31. INVESTIGATIONS ECG CXR ECHO CATH EST BE CAREFUL IF SYMPTOMATIC

32. TRICUSPID REGURGITATION CAUSES FUNCTIONAL PULMONARY HTN CCF RHD ENDOCARDITIS � DRUG ADDICTS

33. VSD PSM AT LSE LOUD P2 OF PULM HTN MAY HAVE CCF LOUDNESS DOES NOT MEAN SEVERE

34. CAUSES OF VSD CONGENITAL RUPTURE AFTER MI 50% MAY CLOSE SPONTANEOUSLY COMPLICATIONS ARE CCF AORTIC REGURG SBE PULM HTN

35. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS ANAEMIA CLUBBING SPLINTER HAEMORRAGES- EMBOLISM OSLER NODES- INFLAMMATION OF EMBOLI JANEWAY LESIONS PETECHIAE ROTH SPOTS SPLENOMEGALY HAEMATURIA DENTAL FBP- NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ESR BLOOD CULTURES ECHO/ TOE

36. COMLICATIONS OF SBE CARDIAC FAILURE RENAL PAIN CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS MYCOTIC ANEURYSMS VALVE ABSCESS

37. HOCM PULSE JERKY DOUBLE APICAL- LEFT VENTRICULAR HEAVE WITH PROM PRESYSTOLIC PULSE PSM- SOFTER ON SQUATTING 4TH HS FAMILY HISTORY

38. RESPIRATORY INTRO SITTING POSITION SPUTUM CUP BREATHLESS WASTING ASYMMETRICAL BREATHING COUNT RESP

39. HANDS CLUBBING CYANOSIS TAR BOUNDING PULSE ASTERIXIS TONGUE � CYANOSIS EYES- PALLOR, HORNERS

40. EXAMINATION LOOK FOR NECK VEINS CERVICAL LYMPH TRACHEA DEVIATION PALPATE MOVEMENTS OF BOTH SIDES VOCAL FREMITUS PERCUSSION AUSCULTATION

41. PLEURAL EFFUSION LOOK FOR DECREASED MOVEMENT TRACHEAL DEVIATION ASPIRATION MARKS STONY DULL DECREASED VOCAL RESONANCE FIND THE UPPER LEVEL BRONCIAL BREATHING SIGNS OF RA, TAR, LYMPH NODES, RADIATION BURNS, MASTECTOMY

42. CAUSES OF DULLNESS PLEURAL EFFUSION PLEURAL THICKENING CONSOLODATION COLLAPSE RAISED HEMIDIAPHRAGM

43. INVESTIGATIONS CXR TAP SEND FOR PROTEIN, LDH, GLUCOSE, BACTERIOLOGY, CYTOLOGY PH IF EMPYEMA AMYLASE IN NG, PANCREATITIS, OESOPHAGEAL RUPTURE RHEUMATOID FACTOR

44. TRANSUDATE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME CARDIAC FAILURE LIVER FAILURE HYPOTHYROID CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS MEIGS

45. EXUDATE CA SECONDARIES PNEUMONIA PE TB RA SLE LYMPHOMA MESOTHELIOMA

46. PROGNOSIS POOR IN NG PEURAL FLUID LOW GLUCOSE LOW pH

47. HAEMORRAGIC FLUID PE NG TB

48. REMEMBER OCCUPATION

49. BRONCHIECTASIS LOOK FOR SPUTUM CUP FINGER CLUBBING BILATERAL COARSE CREPS LATE INSP CREPS

50. BRONCHIECTASIS DEF - CHRONIC NECROTIZING INFECTION OF THE BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES LEADING TO ABNORMAL, PERMANENT DILATATION OF THE AIRWAYS

51. CAUSES PNEUMONIA MEASLES PERTUSSIS TB MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION ASPERGILLOSIS KARTAGENERS CYSTIC FIBROSIS IDIOPATHIC

52. INVESTIGATION FBP SPUTUM CXR CT

53. COMPLICATIONS PNEUMONIA PLEURAL EFFUSION PNEUMOTHORAX SINUSITIS HAEMOPTYSIS BRAIN ABSCESS AMYLOIDOSIS

54. TREATMENT POSTURAL DRAINAGE ANTIBIOTICS NEBS SURGERY

55. CONSOLIDATION SPUTUM TACHYNOEA REDUCED MOVEMENT ON AFFECTED SIDE TRACHEAL CENTRAL DECREASED PERCUSSION BRONHIAL BREATHING CREPS

56. CAUSES PNEUMONIA CARCINOMA PE

57. FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS TACHYNOEA CLUBBING CENTRAL CYANOSIS BILATERAL BASAL FINE END INSP CREPS DO NOT DISAPPEAR ON COUGHING

58. SIGNS HANDS - RA, SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS FACE - RASH OF SLE MOUTH - DRY OF SJOGRENS PULMONARY HTN - a WAVE IN JVP, LEFT PARASTERNAL HEAVE AND P2 LOOK FOR CAUSES - DRUGS EG AMIODARONE

59. PROGNOSIS 50% SURVIVAL AFTER 5 YEARS INCREASE RISK OF CA

60. ABDOMEN

61. EXAMINATION LYING FLAT DO NOT EXPOSE GENITALIA COMFORTABLE LOOK AROUND THE BED

62. HANDS CLUBBING LEUCONYCIA PALMAR ERYTHEMA DUPUTRYENS HEPATIC FLAP PIGMENTATION SCRATCH MARKS

63. EXAMINATION NODES TONGUE EYES - JAUNDICE, XANTHELASMA ANAEMIA SPIDER NAEVIA ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS GYNAECOMASTIA

64. EXAMINATION OF ABDOMEN MOVEMENTS MASS VEINS PERISTALSIS HERNIA

65. ASK IF THERE IS ANY PAIN

66. PALPATION KNEEL DOWN ALWAYS LOOK AT THE PATIENT SUPERFICIAL THEN DEEP ALL QUADRANTS

67. PALPATE MASS - CHARACTERISTICS LIVER - PERCUSSION SPLEEN KIDNEYS LYMPH NODES HERNIAL ORFICES TESTICULAR ATROPHY

68. PERCUSSION SHIFTING DULLNESS

69. AUSCULTATE LIVER BRUIT BOWEL SOUNDS RENAL BRUIT

70. LEG OEDEMAPR

71. HEPATOMEGALY SIZE TENDERNESS- CHF OR ACUTE HEPATITIS SURFACE - SMOOTH OR IRREGULAR PERCUSS AUSULTATE- ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS OR CA FOR BRUIT

72. CAUSES CHF CIRRHOSIS SECONDARIES INFECTIVE HEPATITIS MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS SARCOID HAEMACHROMATOSIS PBC AMYLOID TUMOURS

73. CAUSES OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY INFECTION DIURETICS, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE DIARROHEA AND VOMITING SEDATIVES GI BLEED ABDOMINAL PARACENTESIS SURGERY

74. CAUSE OF ASCITES LIVER FAILURE + PORTAL HTN SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM DECREASED METABOLISM OF ALDOSTERONE BY LIVER DECREASED METABOLISM OF ADH LOW ALBUMIN LYMPHATIC OBSTRUCTION

75. HAEMACHROMATOSIS MALE PIGMENTED PALMAR ERYTHEMA AND SPIDER ANAEMIA JAUNDICE ASCITES HEPATOMEGALY LOSS OF SEXUAL HAIR TESTICULAR ATROPHY JOINT PAIN- PSEUDOGOUT CARDIOMYOPATHY DIABETES

76. INVESTIGATIONS AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MOSTLY HLA-A3 CHROMOSOME 6 TRANSFERRIN INCREASED SERUM FERRITIN RAISED GENE TESTING LIVER BIOPSY

77. TREATMENT VENESECTION

78. RISK X200 RISK OF HEP CA

79. PBC MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN CLUBBING PIGMENTED XANTHELASMA ICTERUS SCRATCH HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY

80. PBC XANTHOMATA- JOINTS - SKIN FOLDS - AREA OF TRAUMA LOOK FOR OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES PROXIMAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS � OSTEOMALACIA PERIPHERAL NEUROPHATHY AMA � M2 OBSTRUCTIVE PICTURE LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

81. LOOK FOR AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS PROXIMAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS DUE TO OSTEOMALACIA PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

82. PBC ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL ABS CURE IS TRANSPLANTATION

83. SPLENOMEGALY DIFF FROM KIDNEY KIDNEY BALLOTABLE NOTCH CAN�T GET ABOVE DULL TO PERCUSSION MOVES WITH RESP

84. LOOK FOR LYMPH NODES ANAEMIA JAUNDICE PLETHORIC (PRV) SPLINTER HAEMORRAGES RHEUMATOID

85. CAUSES CML MALARIA KALA-AZAR PRV MYELOFIBROSIS PORTAL HTN SARCOID AMYLOID ENDOCARDITIS INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS FELTYS CLL ITP

86. KIDNEYS LOOK FOR AV FISTULA LOOK FOR TRANSPLANTED KIDNEY 3RD NERVE PALSY ASSOC WITH POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY (BERRY) BP FHX ANAEMIA

87. ABDOMINAL MASSES EPIGASRTIC -CA STOMACH -CA PANCREAS -AAA -RETROPERITONEAL LYMPHADENOPATHY

88. ABDOMINAL MASSES RT ILIAC FOSSA- CROHNS CA CAECUM LYMPH NODES TRANSPLANTED KID APPENDIX ABSCESS OVARIAN NG CARCINOID AMOEBIAS

89. CAUSES OF PTOSIS UNILATERAL 3RD NERVE PALSY HORNERS MYASTHENIA CONGENITAL IDIOPATHIC BILATERAL MYASTHENIA DYSTROPHIA OCULAR MYOPATHY SYPHILIS CONGENITAL BILATERAL HORNERS IN SYRINGOMYELIA

90. HORNERS MIOSIS PARTIAL PTOSIS ENOPTHALMOS ANHYDROSIS

91. CAUSES PANCOAST TUMOUR CERVICAL SYMPATHECTOMY CAROTID ANERUYSMS SYRINGOMYELIA LESION OF BRAINSTEM TRAUMA

92. HOLMES- ADIE YOUNG WOMAN DILATED PUPIL PUPIL REACTS SLOWLY DECREASED REFLEXES BENIGN

93. DILATED PUPIL EYE DROPS 3RD NERVE HOLMES � ADIE LENS IMPLANT DEATH SYMPATHETIC OVERACTIVITY

94. SMALL PUPIL OLD AGE EYE DROPS HORNERS ARGYLL ROB PONTINE NARCOTICS

95. DIABETIC EYES BACKGROUND RETINOPATHY PREPROLIFERATIVE PROLIFERATIVE

96. PAPILLOEDEMA SOL HTN RETINOPATHY BIH INCREASED ICP HEAD INJURY CAUSING CEREBRAL OEDEMA CO RETENTION THYROID VIT A INTOXICATION CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN THRMBOSIS MUTIPLE MYELOMA

97. OPTIC ATROPHY MS OPTIC NERVE COMPRESSION GLAUCOMA TOXINS ISCHAEMIA HEREDITARY PAGETS VIT B12 DEF

98. LOWER 7TH LOOK IN THE YEARS PAROTID GLAND ENLARGEMENT TASTE (INVOLVING CHORDA TYMPANI) HEARING (HYPERACUUSIS DUE TO STAPEDIUS) URINE - DIABETES

99. CAUSES OF BILATERAL GUILLAN BARRE SARCOIDOSIS MYASTHENIA MAY MIMIC

100. UNILATERAL PALSY LLS HERPES CEREBELLOPONTINE TUMOURS POLIO OTITIS MEDIA SKULL FRACTURE

101. DYSTROPHICA MYOTONICA SHAKING HANDS FRONTAL BALDNESS PTOSIS CATARACTS EXPRESSIONLESS

102. DYSTROP MYOTON TEST POWER DECREASED REFLEXES ASK ABOUT SWALLOWING URINE - GLUCOSE LOW IQ GYNAECOMASTIA TESTICULAR ATROPHY

103. DYSTROP MYOTONICA A D CARDIOMYOPATHY CHEST INFECTION

104. PROXIMAL MYOPATHY DIABETES CUSHINGS THYROID POLYMYOSITIS DRUG CARCINOMA OSTEOMALACIA HEREDITARY

105. WASTING SMALL MUSCLES OF THE HAND RHEUMATOID OLD AGE CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS BILATERAL CERVICAL RIBS MND SYRINGOMYELIA CHARCOT GUILLAN NERVE PALSIES PANCOASTS

106. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS AXILLA FOR FRECKLES VISUAL ACUITY - GLIOMA ACOSTIS NEUROMA IRIS FOR LISCH NODULES KYPOSCOLIOSIS BLOOD PRESSURE

107. LOOK FOR 6 OR MORE CAF� AU LAIT 2 OR MORE NEUROFIBROMAS AXILLA FRECKLING OPTIC GLIOMA

108. SPEECH COMPREHENSION PUT OUT TONGUE SHUT YOUR EYES ORIENTATION TIME , DATE

109. SPEECH NAME FAMILIAR OBJECTS ARTICULATION MENTAL SCORE EXPRESSIVE - BROCA FRONTOPARIETAL RECEPTIVE - WERNICKE�S SUPERIOR TEMPORAL

110. PARKINSONS EXPRESSIONLESS- HYPERMYMIA DROOLING PILL ROLLING BRADYKINESIA TONE- COG WHEEL GLABELLAR TAP - CONTINUE MYERSON�S SIGN WALK MICRGRAPHIA

111. RHEUMATOID SUBLUXATION OF MCP SWAN NECK BOUTONNIERES Z DEFORMITY SUBLUX AT WRIST NAIL FOLD INFARCTS PALMAR ERYTHEMA

112. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS MUST CHECK FOR NODULES SEROPOSITIVE AGGRESSIVE PERFORM SIMPLE TASKS EXAMINE OTHER JOINTS

113. ANAEMIA CHRONIC DISEASE PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA FELTYS NSAIDS

114. PULMONARY NODULES EFFUSION FIBROSIS CAPLANS BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS

115. EYES EPISCLERITIS SCLERITIS SCLEROMALACIA SICCA SJOGRENS

116. ANK SPOND ? MARK POSTURE PROTUBERANT ABDOMEN ASK HIM TO TURN WHOLE BODY TURNS STAND AGAINST A WALL SCHOBERS TEST

117. LOOK FOR IRITIS ANTERIOR UVEITIS AORTIC REGURG APICAL FIBROSIS ACHILLES TENDINITIS

118. GENETIC HLA-B27 40% SEVERE DISEASE

119. SCLERODERMA TIGHTENING OF HANDS TELANGICTASIA PSEUDOCLUBBING VITILIGO JOINT FOR ARTHRITIS PINCHED NOSE DIFF OPENING MOUTH

120. ASK ABOUT DYSPHAGIA RAYNAUDS DRY EYES SWALLOWING BREATHING - FIBROSIS

121. GOUT ASYMMETRICAL LOOK AT 1ST MTP , HELICES, OLECRANON, ACHILLES NEGATIVE BIFRINGENT DISORDER OF PURINE METABOLISM

122. THYROID HANDS - SWEATING, TREMOR, WARM SCARS PALMAR ERYTHEMA PULSE NODES GOITRE SEAT UPRIGHT EXOPTHALMOS PALPATE ,WATER

123. EXAMINE FOR SIZE MOBILITY TEXTURE TENDERNESS PEMBERTONS SIGN - RAISE ARMS FOR COMPRESSION PERCUSS FOR RETROSTERNAL BRUITS - GRAVES

124. EYES LID LAG VON GRAEF� SIGN EXOPTHALMOS LID RETRACTION DALRYMPLES SIGN EXTRAOCCULAR MOVEMENTS CORNEAL INVOLVEMENT PROXIMAL MUSCLES SKIN PRETIB MYXOEDEMA

125. CUSHINGS MOON FACE BRUISES HIRSUTISM PLETHORIC BUFFALO HUMP STRIAE PROXIMAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS

126. ASK ABOUT STEROIDS DIABETES BP LOOK FOR RA , ASTHMA VISUAL FIELDS

127. CAUSES STEROIDS PITUITARY ADENOMA- PIT DISEASE ADRENAL CA ADRENAL ADENOMA ECTOPIC CA

128. ACROMEGALY FACE SWEATING LARGE HANDS CARPAL TUNNEL PROM SUPRAORBITAL RIDGES LARGE NOSE AND LIPS PROTRUSION OF LOWER JAW WIDE TEETH

129. LOOK FOR MACROGLOSSIA VISUAL FIELDS ACANTOSIS NIGRICANS ORGANOMEGALY JOINTS- CHONDROCALCINOSIS KYPHOSIS BP DIABETES OLD PHOTOGRAPHS

130. HYPERTENSIVE FUNDUS GRADE 1 � SILVER WIRING GRADE 2 � AV NIPPING GRADE 3 � HAEMORRAGES (FLAME) +EXUDATES GRADE 4 - PAPILLOEDEMA

131. DIABETIC EYES BACKGROUND/PREPROLIFERATIVE � HAEMORRAGES (MICROANEURYSMS) + EXUDATES PROLIFERATIVE � MALIGNANT RETINOPHATY NEOVASCULARISATION � NEW VESSELS

132. GOOD LUCK !