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Representative Elements

Representative Elements. Chapter 5 Section 2 . Representative Elements. Remember that these are the elements in groups 1 and 2 and 13 to 18 Groups are classified by having similar properties . Group 1 Alkali Metals. Silvery Solids with low densities and low melting points

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Representative Elements

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  1. Representative Elements Chapter 5 Section 2

  2. Representative Elements • Remember that these are the elements in groups 1 and 2 and 13 to 18 • Groups are classified by having similar properties

  3. Group 1 Alkali Metals • Silvery Solids with low densities and low melting points • Hydrogen is the only nonmetal in this group • Tend to increase reactivity down the family • Lithium (Li) is the least reactive and Francium (Fr) is the most reactive • Contains Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) too.

  4. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals • Denser and Harder than Alkali Metals • Have higher melting points • Are reactive but not as reactive as Alkali metals • Contains Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra)

  5. Group 13 Boron Family • Are all metals except Boron • Boron is a brittle, black metalloid • Used to make a variety of products Such as Pots and Pans, Aluminum Cans, and Baseball Bats

  6. Group 14 Carbon Family • A mixture of non-metals, metalloids and metals • Contains Carbon a non-metal • Contains Silicon and Germanium • Tin and Lead are the heaviest metals in this group • Lead is used to shield humans during X-Rays

  7. Group 15 The Nitrogen Group • The top two elements are nitrogen and phosphorus, which are used by living things. • Our bodies need nitrogen, but cannot get it simply from breathing nitrogen from the atmosphere, bacteria in soil must first convert the nitrogen into a form we can use (The nitrogen cycle)

  8. Group 16 The Oxygen Family • The oxygen group contains oxygen and sulfur which are essential for life and used to manufacture many products. • Sulfur is a solid, yellow nonmetal. Sulfur is used to manufacture sulfuric acid, which is used in fertilizers, detergents, synthetic fiber, and rubber.

  9. Group 17 The Halogen Group • All of the elements except Astatine are nonmetals. ‘ • The word Halogen means “salt former” for example: Table salt chemical make up is NaCl, you may have already noticed that chlorine is a halogen. All halogens form similar salts • Fluorine is most reactive, it combines with other elements easily. Chlorine is less reactive than fluorine but more reactive than bromine.

  10. Group 18 The Noble Gases • They rarely combine with other elements, they are chemically inactive • Helium is less dense than air so it is used in balloons. Hydrogen is also less dense, however Helium will not burn. • Noble gases glow different colors when electricity is passed through them. Neon lights are not necessarily just neon…unless of coarse they are reddish orange colored words. • Helium, Argon, and Radon are all elements in this group • Why would you not expect to combine magnesium and argon to produce a useful substance?

  11. An After thought…. • What are the characteristics of two representative element groups? How are elements in these groups used.

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