Transformation of Energy in Living Things

1. Transformation of Energy in Living Things

3. Do It Now ! Create a new table of contents entry for Unit 7 – Photosynthesis On the new unit page answer the following: • List 5 things that you know about photosynthesis. • List five foods that you eat that rely on the process of photosynthesis. (Bill Nye) Extra credit – List one food that you eat that does not directly or indirectly rely on the process of photosynthesis as an energy source.

4. Photosynthesis:LifefromLight andAir Adapted by M. Strickhart from Kim Foglia original

5. Plants are energy producers • Like animals, plants need energy to live • unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy • Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY • animals are consumers • plants are producers

6. How do plants make energy & food? • Plants use the energy from the sun • to make ATP energy • to make sugars • glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

7. H2O CO2 Building plants from sunlight & air sun • Photosynthesis • 2 separate processes • ENERGY building reactions • collect sun energy and split water molecules • use it to make ATP and NADPH • SUGAR building reactions • take the ATP energy • collect CO2 from air & ATP and NADPH created in the light reactions • use all to build sugars ATP + NADPH sugars carbon dioxide CO2 sugars C6H12O6 NADPH+ATP +

8. (ATP) = used to build the sugar Water 6H2O ATP + NADPH + oxygen sun energy Using light & air to grow plants • Photosynthesis • using sun’s energy and water to make ATP and NADPH • makes a waste product • oxygen (O2) • using CO2 ,ATP and NADPH • in chloroplasts • allows plants to grow NADPH ATP + C6H12O6 

9. CO2 H2O sugars What do plants need to grow? • The “factory” for making energy & sugars • chloroplast • Fuels • sunlight • carbon dioxide • water • The Helpers • Enzymes –many enzymes catalyze reactions in this process. Make ATP!Make sugar!I can do it all…And no oneeven notices! sun ATP enzymes

10. H2O CO2 sun Photosynthesis ENERGYbuilding reactions ATP ADP NADPH SUGARbuilding reactions used immediatelyto synthesize sugars sugar

11. Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

12. For Homework answer the following question in your notebook. Bioboy grew a tomato plant in a pot of soil for 6 weeks. He determined the dry mass of the plant and soil before and after the six week growing period. (Don’t ask how. He is Bioboy. He is special.) He found that the tomato plant gained a mass of 7 grams and the soil mass was almost the same. Based on what you learned today, offer a reasonable explanation for the increase in mass of the plant.

13. DoItNow!!! – Take out your homework – answer the following questions. Bioboy grew a tomato plant in a pot of soil for 6 weeks. He determined the dry mass of the plant and soil before and after the six week growing period. (Don’t ask how. He is Bioboy. He is special.) He found that the tomato plant gained a mass of 7 grams and the soil mass was almost the same. Based on what you learned today, offer a reasonable explanation for the increase in mass of the plant. • What is the definition of photo? • What it the definition of synthesis? • Are plants consumers or producers? • Why? • What are the two parts of photosynthesis? • In what cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place? • What gas is used in photosynthesis? • What gas is produced in photosynthesis? • What are the two other needed ingredients?

14. What Processes Allow Living Things to Obtain Energy From Their Environment? • Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration

15. Photosynthesis - the most important reaction on the earth?

16. light energy The word photosynthesis comes from the Greek language: • ‘photo’ means ‘light’ • ‘synthesis’ means ‘putting together’ Photosynthesis just means ‘putting together with light’. The energy contained in photons of lights is captured by organisms and used to make food.

17. Using light energy, the carbon and oxygen from atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen from water absorbed from the environment, is combined to make sugar. • This food is then used by the organism in cellular respiration, a series of reactions that release the energy in the sugar in a form that the organism can use.

18. In short: • Organisms that photosynthesize, make their own food. • For this reason, they are called • PHOTOAUTOTROPHS • Auto – self • Troph - feed

19. Plants Some bacteria Various organisms use photosynthesis

20. Kelp Euglena Protists known as algae

21. Number 1- 8 in your notebook

22. 1. What does synthesis mean? • Light • Sugar • Make • Feed

23. 2. Light energy is carried in its • Color • Intensity • Photons • Wavelength

24. 3. In plants, light is used to: • Make energy • Make sugar • Make carbon dioxide • Make water

25. 4. Plants obtain carbon with which to make sugar from: • Food • The air • Water • Animals

26. 5. If the chemical formula for glucose is C6 H12O6, and plants are made primarily of glucose in the form of starch and cellulose, one could say that most of the mass of a plant comes from: • The air • Water • The ground • The sun

27. 8. In which of the following groups are their no photoautotrophs? • Animals • Plants • Bacteria • Protists

28. Heterotrophs Unlike autotrophs, heterotrophs can’t make their own food. Heterotrophs must eat to get their energy. Hetero – other Troph – feed Other than plants, most organisms including all animals and fungi, are heterotrophs.

29. What is the original source of food for almost all heterotrophs? Photoautotrophs

30. Homework In 1648, a Flemish alchemist, Jan van Helmont, had a theory. To test it, he grew a tree in a tub of soil, adding nothing but measured quantities of water for five years. During that time he kept track of the weight of the soil and the tree. At the end of the experiment the tree had gained 164 pounds and the soil had lost 2 ounces. What could von Helmont conclude from his experiment? . misconceptions

31. All living organisms need food to grow and survive. This is because food provides raw materials for growth and energy for chemical reactions. Plants are known as producers because they provide food for many other organisms. Without plants, other organisms would have no raw materials for growth or energy. Unlike animals, plants cannot move very much, so how do they get the food that they need?

32. Using plants

33. Which of the following is a difference between a heterotroph (HoT) and a photoautotroph (PAT)? • HoTs use glucose, PATs do not. • PATs make glucose, HoTs do not. • Only PATs ultimately rely on the sun for their food. • HoTs produce CO2 during respiration, PATs do not.

34. Do plants eat soil? It used to be thought that plants got their food from the soil.

35. In 1648, a Flemish alchemist, Jan van Helmont, had a theory. To test it, he grew a tree in a tub of soil, adding nothing but measured quantities of water for five years. During that time he kept track of the weight of the soil and the tree. At the end of the experiment the tree had gained 164 pounds and the soil had lost 2 ounces. What could von Helmont conclude from his experiment? 180 160 170

36. Independent Activity Copy this diagram into your notes and describe the relationships shown here.

38. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide

39. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water

40. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy)

41. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose

42. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose + oxygen

43. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose + oxygen 6 CO2

44. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose + oxygen 6 CO2+6H2O

45. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose + oxygen 6 CO2+6H2O(+light) →

46. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy)→ glucose + oxygen 6 CO2+6H2O(+light) → C6H12O6

47. Overview Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar glucose. carbon dioxide + water (+ light energy) → glucose + oxygen 6 CO2+6H2O (+light) → C6H12O6+6O2

48. Even though the formula makes it look like water is added to carbon dioxide to make glucose, things are not that simple 6 CO2+6H2O(+light)→ C6H12O6+6O2

49. light energy carbon dioxide + + water  glucose oxygen chlorophyll How can the process of photosynthesis be summarized in one sentence? Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells, where light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. What is the word equation for this chemical reaction?