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Understanding Energy Flow in Living Organisms

Learn how living things obtain and utilize energy, categorized into producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explore food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids, crucial for understanding ecological relationships and energy transfer in ecosystems.

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Understanding Energy Flow in Living Organisms

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  1. Chapter 18.2 Living Things need Energy

  2. Organisms can be divided into3groups based on how they get energy. • Producers • Organisms that use sunlight directly to make food are producers. This process is done by using photosynthesis. • Most producers are plants. Algae and some bacteria are producers, too.

  3. Producer Examples:

  4. Consumers: • Organisms that eat other organisms. They cannot use sunlight to make food. I.e. consumers eat producers or other animals. • There are several types of consumers. • Herbivore is an organism that eats only plants. • Carnivore is an organism that eats animals. • Omnivore is an organism that eats both plants and animals. • Scavengers are omnivores that eat dead plants and animals. • They also eat animals and plants that have died from natural causes

  5. Examples of Consumers:

  6. Decomposers • Organisms that get energy by breaking down dead organisms. • Bacteria and fungi are decomposers. • They remove stored energy from dead organisms. • Decomposers are important because they are nature’srecyclers.

  7. Examples of Decomposers:

  8. Food Chains and Food Webs • A food chain is a diagramthat shows how energy in food flows from one organism to another. (Simple food chains are rare) • A food web is a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. • In a food web, any energy not used immediately is stored and can be used by the next consumer. • There are2 main food webs on Earth: a land food web and an aquatic food web.

  9. Food Chain Examples:

  10. Food Web Examples:

  11. Energy Pyramids • An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy. • The pyramid has a large base and a small top. This means there is less energy at higher levels because only energy stored in the tissues of an organism can be transferred to the next level. • Grey Wolves and the Food Web • Brought back into Yellowstone in 1995. They have the goal of bringing populations back into balance.

  12. Energy Pyramid:

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