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Lower Evaluation . The Knee. Anatomy: Bones. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Posterior Cruciate Ligament Medial Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament Meniscus. Anatomy :Ligaments. Quadriceps Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis Vastus Medialis Oblique Vastus Lateralis Hamstrings
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Lower Evaluation The Knee
Anterior Cruciate Ligament • Posterior Cruciate Ligament • Medial Collateral Ligament • Lateral Collateral Ligament • Meniscus Anatomy :Ligaments
Quadriceps • Rectus Femoris • VastusMedialis • VastusMedialis Oblique • VastusLateralis • Hamstrings • Biceps Femoris • Semi-Membranosis • Semi-Tendinosis • Abductory Muscles • Illiotibial Band • Sartorius • Etc. • Adductor Muscles • Gracilis • Adductor Magnus Anatomy: Muscles
The all too infamous ACL Sprain • PRICE • If a grade 3, then surgery Injuries
PCL Sprain • PRICE • In some cases c grade 3, surgery Injuries
LCL Sprain • PRICE • Surgery if grade three • Simple rehabilitation Injuries
MCL sprain • PRICE • Surgery if grade three • Simple rehabilitation • Heals faster than LCL because of blood supply Injuries
Meniscus Tear • PRICE • No real way to fix other than surgery Injuries
STRAIN • SAME AS THE FOOT/ANKLE Injuries
Fracture • PRICE • Surgery Injuries
Arthritis • No fix • If bad enough, then knee replacement Injuries
Contusion • Bruise • PRICE • If no compression, then can calcify Injuries
Plica • Usually goes away after adolescence • Some have to have surgery for removal Injuries
Tendonitis • RICE • Modify workout routine Injuries
Bursitis • PRICE • Sometimes may need to be drained if infected Injuries
Fat Pad Contusion • RICE Injuries
Compartment Syndrome • Most of the time will result in surgery • Tingling sensation followed by pain Injuries
Dislocations/Subluxations • PRICE • Reduction via surgery Injuries
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome • RICE • May need to change shoes Injuries
Osgood Schlatter • Repeated avulsion of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity • Repeated strain on the patellar tendon Injuries
Osteochondral Knee Fx • Fx of articular cartilage and underlying bone on the WB surface of the tibia, femur, or under the patella and creates fragments of the bone and/or cartilage that vary in size and depth • Results from rotation/direct trauma that compressed the cartilage b/w the Medial/Lateral femoral condyles and the tibial plateau Injuries
OsteochondritisDissecans • Painful condition involving partial/complete separation of a piece of articular cartilage and subchondral bone • AKA joint mice • Exact cause if unknown Injuries
Peroneal Nerve Contusion • Compression of the peroneal nerve • Behind the neck of the fibula • Direct blow/kick Injuries
Chondromalacia Patella • Softening and deterioration of the articular cartilage on the back of the patella • 3 stages • 1: swelling/softening of the cartilage • 2: fissuring of the softened cartilage • 3: deformation of the surface of the cartilage by fragmentation Injuries
Larsen-Johansson Disease • Repeated avulsion of the patellar tendon at the inferior pole of the patella • Excessive repeated strain on the patellar tendon Injuries
Anterior Drawer • ACL sprain Special Tests
Posterior Drawer Test • PCL Special Tests
Posterior Sag Test (Godfrey’s) • PCL Special Tests
Lachman’s Test • ACL Special Tests
Valgus Stress Test • MCL • Varus Stress Test • LCL Special Tests
Apprehension Test • Patella Dislocation Special Tests
Pivot Shift Test • ACL Special Tests
Patellar Tendon Rupture Test • Self explanatory Special Tests
Apley’s Distraction/Compression Test • Meniscus tear/ faking Special Tests
McMurray’s Test • Meniscal lesion Special Tests
Thessaly’s Test • Meniscal lesion Special Tests