Perception and Action

1. Perception and Action Perception and Action

2. Objectives: Be able to • Define optic array. • Define optic flow. • Define tau. • Discuss how we use the optic array and its flow to move in the world. Perception and Action

3. Two Optic Arrays: Cylinder is, presumably, the same size in both. • Optic Array – The way the light of the environment is • structured by the presence of objects, surfaces, and textures. Perception and Action

4. The Same Optic Array From Two Different View Points Optic array is peculiar to an individual located in a particular spot. Changing the location of the eyes changes the array. Perception and Action

5. Optic Flow from a Car Speeding over a Bridge Optic Flow – The flow that occurs when an observer moves with relation to the environment. Forward movement causes an expanding optic flow, and backward movement, a contracting flow. Perception and Action

6. Optic Flow while Flying over a Runway Perception and Action

7. Optic Flow while Coming in for a Landing Perception and Action

8. Texture Gradient Indicates Angle of Approach Texture in front of airplane, not to the side Perception and Action

9. The Relationship between Movement and Flow Perception and Action

10. Optic Flow • Moving Straight Ahead • Moving in a Curved Path Perception and Action

11. Optic Flow Lines Moving on a Straight Stretch (a) Negotiation of a Curve (b) Incorrect Negotiation of a Curve (c) Perception and Action

12. Optic Array – The way the light of the environment is structured by the presence of objects, surfaces, and textures. • Optic Flow – The flow that occurs when an observer moves with relation to the environment. Forward movement causes an expanding optic flow, whereas backward movement requires contracting flow.

13. Tau – The ratio of an approaching object’s image size at two different times divided by how fast the object’s edges are expanding. Time to collision. • Invariant information – Environmental properties that do not change as the observer moves. For example, the spacing, or texture, of the elements in a texture gradient does not change as the observer moves on the gradient. The texture of the gradient therefore supplies invariant information for depth perception.

14. An Example of ? Perception and Action

15. An Example of ? Perception and Action

16. An Example of ? Perception and Action

17. A Gannet using Tau Perception and Action

18. Using line of sight and Tau in baseball Perception and Action

19. Collision Sensitive Neuron In the Pigeon What is the Pigeon’s Name? Perception and Action

20. Discussion Question 40 • How do we use the optic array to act successfully in the visual world? Perception and Action

21. Your Brain on Movement ( if you are a Monkey) MT-Medial Temporal MST-Medial Superior Temporal LIP-Lateral Interparietal Area VIP-Ventral AIP-Anterior PM-Premotor MI-Motor Perception and Action

22. The Movement System Perception and Action

23. AIP Neurons Perception and Action

24. A Mirror Neuron Perception and Action

25. Objectives: Be able to • Define optic array. • Define optic flow. • Define tau. • Discuss how we use the optic array and its flow to move in the world. Perception and Action