Turkish phonetics

1. Turkish phonetics Ebru Arısoy Levent Arslan Mine Nakipoglu Demiralp Hazım Kemal Ekenel Meltem Kelepir Hasan Mesut Meral A. Sumru Özsoy Ömer Şayli Oytun Türk Beste Can Yolcu With special thanks to M.A.Kılıç for MR images of vowels.

2. Speech sounds:

3. Vowels: • Parameters: • Position of the tongue • Height of the tongue • Lip rounding • Length • Duration

4. Position of the tongue: • Front vowels: /i/,/ü/,/e/,/ö/  /i/ • Back vowels: /ı/,/u/,/a/,/o/  /ı/

5. Height of the tongue: • High vowels: /i/,/ü/,/ı/,/u/  /i/ • Mid vowels: /e/,/ö/,/o/  /o/ • Low vowel: /a/  /a/

6. Lip rounding: • Unrounded vowels: /i/,/ı/,/e/,/a/  /e/ • Rounded vowels: /ü/,/u/,/ö/,/o/  /ö/

7. Vowels: (MRI images)(MR images supplied by M.A. KILIÇ)

8. Length: • Short vowels: /ı/,/u/,/a/,/o/, /i/,/ü/,/e/,/ö/ • arı, olan, ine • Long vowels: /ı/,/u/,/a/,/o/, /i/,/ü/,/e/,/ö/ • ağrı, oğlan, iğne

9. Durational statistics: • Short duration vowels: • /i/,/ü/,/ı/,/u/ • Long duration vowels: • /a/,/e/,/o/,/ö/

10. Consonants: Consonant Chart of Turkish _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ labio alveo- bilabial dental dental alveolar palatal palatal velar glottal _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ voiceless p t c k stops--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced b d  g _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ voiceless f s š h fricatives----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced v z ž _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ voiceless č affricates---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced jˇ ˇ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ nasal m n _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ lateral l ł liquids ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- retroflex r _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ glide j _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Consonants: Allophones of Turkish Consonantal Phonemes _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ labio alveo- bilabial dental dental alveolar palatal palatal velar glottal _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ phpil thtop chkâr-kirkh kar voiceless p toprak t atkı c ekmek k aktar stops ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced b bol d dalrüzgar-gel g gaga _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ voiceless фufuk f fil s sisšşan ç his x sabah h hayır fricatives ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced β bavul v ver z sizžjale _____________________ duvar_____________________________________________________________________________________________ voiceless čçan affricates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- voiced jˇ can _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ nasal m masa şamfıstığın nine yenge banka _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ lateral l lale-ilłkal liquids ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- retroflex r  r̻ ___________________________________________________rol ara bir___________________________________________________________ glide j sayı _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Consonants: • Parameters: • Place of articulation • Manner of articulation • State of glottis

13. Place of articulation: • Bilabials: /p/,/b/,/m/ • Labiodentals: /f/,/v/ • Denti-alveolars: /t/,/d/,/l/ • Alveolars: /s/,/z/,/n/,/r/ • Alveopalatals: /š/,/ž/,/č/jˇ/ (şal,jale,çan,can) • Palatals: /j/,/c/,// (yarın,kağıt,rüzgar) • Velars: /k/,/g/, /ł/ (kal,gar,kalın) • Glottal: /h/ Reference: http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/chimp/101/phonetics/pic.htm

14. Manner of articulation • Obstruents: (Most obstruction of air flow) Plosives: /p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/c/,//,/k/,/g/ Fricatives: /f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/š/,/ž/ Affricates: /č/,/jˇ/ • Sonorants: (Less obstruction of air flow) Nasals: /m/,/n/ Liquids: /l/,/ł/,/r/ Glide: /j/ (yarın)

15. State of glottis: • Voiceless: /p/,/t/,/c/,/k/,/f/,/s/,/š/, /č/,/h/ • Voiced: /b/,/d/,//,/g/, /v/,/z/,/ž/,/jˇ/, /m/,/n/,/l/,/ł/,/r/,/j/

16. Examples: • Kar Kar • Rüzgar Gar

17. Examples: • Ufuk Fil

18. Examples: • Kavun Duvar Ver

19. Examples: • Bir Ara Rol

20. Examples: • Lale Kal Gel

21. EGG signals: • Original: EGG: