Europeans Explore the East

1. Europeans Explore the East Main Idea – Advances in sailing technology enabled Europeans to explore other parts of the world.

2. Setting the Stage… • By the early 1400’s, Europeans were ready to venture beyond their borders. • New spirit of adventure • Curiosity

3. A Map of the Known World

4. For “God, Glory, and Gold” • Luxury Goods- want a faster and safer trade route to Asia. • Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. • Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. • Technological advances. • Fame and fortune. • Want to stop the spread of Islam- Spread Christianity!

5. The Crusades • People in Europe were introduced to fine luxury goods & spices from Asia during the Crusades (war between Christians & Muslims for Holy Land 1096-1270) • After the Crusades ended, Europeans demanded these goods & spices to “spice up” their dull/bland lives

6. Trade… • Muslims & Italians controlled the trade of goods from East to West • Muslims sold Asian goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the Mediterranean region • Italians resold the items at increased prices to make $$$$

7. And… • High prices didn’t make Europeans happy (since they are paying higher prices) • We have to find a sea route directly to Asia!!!!

8. The Spread of Christianity • Hostility left between Christians & Muslims • European Christians believed they had a sacred duty not only to continue fighting Muslims but to convert non-Christians throughout the world

9. Bartolomeau Dias • Portuguese explorer • Hoped to help “Christianize” goods • “To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do”

10. Technology make Exploration Possible • Main problem – European ships could not sail against the wind • Designed a new ship – the CARAVEL • Sturdier • Triangle sails (adopted from the Arabs)

11. Navigational Techniques • Astrolabe • Perfected by the Muslims • Brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees • Using the rings to sight the stars, a captain can calculate latitude (how far north or south of the equator the ship was) • Compass • Perfected by the Chinese

12. Astrolabe – Arabia

13. Compass / Sextant – China

14. Portugal leads the Way… • First European country to establish trading outposts along the west coast of Africa

15. Prince Henry

16. The Portuguese explore Africa • Strong government support • Prince Henry (son of king & queen) • 1415- helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa • Wished to spread the Christian faith • Founded a navigation school • Mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, sea captains = perfect trade skills

17. Ceuta • Portuguese invaders found exotic stores filled with • Pepper • Cinnamon • Cloves • Large supplies of gold • Silver • Jewels

18. Trading Posts • Portuguese established trading posts along west Africa’s shoreline • Gold • Ivory • Need a sea route to Asia

19. Portuguese reach Asia • Believed they had to sail around the southern tip of Africa • 1488 – Bartholomeu Dias ventured down to the tip of Africa • Huge storm forced them to the south east side of Africa • Considered sailing to India but…. Low on food and supplies, turned home.

20. Vasco de Gama • 1498 – reached Calicut, southwestern coast of India • Amazed by spices, rare silks, gems • Filled ships up • Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage • 27,000 mile trip – direct sea route to India

21. Spain – Christopher Columbus • Became Jealous of Portuguese • 1492 – Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance a trip to sail west across the Atlantic to get to Asia

22. October 1492 • Reached the Caribbean, thought it was the West Indies • Voyage increased tensions between Spain & Portugal • Portugal thought he had reached Asia and claimed it “Spain territory”

23. Pope Alexander VI • 1493 – stepped in to keep peace between Spain & Portugal • He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south through the Atlantic Ocean • Lines of west – Line of Demarcation. SPAIN • Includes most of the Americas • All lands east – PORTUGAL

24. Treaty of Tordesillas • 1494 Spain & Portugal signed in which they agreed to honor the line created by Pope Alexander VI

25. Portugal’s Trading Empire • Bustling trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean • Took control of the spice trade from Muslims • Built a fort at Hormuz in 1514, connecting the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea – stopped Muslims traders from reading India • 1510 – Captured Goa , Port City on India's west coast

26. Malacca • Islands so rich in spices • Spice Islands – Malay Peninsula • Lead Portugal to break the Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East

27. Ferdinand Magellan • 1521 - Spanish expedition arrived in Philippines • Spain claimed the islands and started settling them in 1565 • By early 1600’s the rest of Europe begun to move into Asia to set up trade empires

28. Around 1600 the English & Dutch start to challenge Portugal’s dominance • The Dutch Republic (Netherlands) • Spain had ruled the area • 1581 the people if the region declared their independence

29. Netherlands • Became a leading sea power • Owned the largest fleet of ships in the world – 20,000 vessels • Dutch & English battled for control of Asia

30. East India Company • Formed to establish and direct trade throughout Asia • Companies had the power to mint money, make treaties, and raise their own armies

31. Dutch East India Company • Richer & more powerful than England’s company • Dutch drove out the English and established their dominance in Asia

32. Amsterdam • Netherlands capital • Became a leading commercial center • By 1700 Dutch ruled much of Indonesia • Several trading posts in several Asian countries • Controlled Cape of Good Hope, southern tip of Africa – resupply stop

33. British & French Traders • English East Trading Company focused on establishing outposts in India • Successful business in trading Indian Cloth • France failed

34. Work due before you leave… • Page #101 • Numbers 1-8 • Needs to be in COMPLETE SENTENCES