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19.1 – Europeans Explore the East

19.1 – Europeans Explore the East. Bell Ringer: Chapter 19 Pg 535 Q1. Find a group of 4 classmates. Everyone: On a sheet a of paper write TRADE in large letters. Primary Source. Pg 414- SOAPST top of Pg 416 Q 1,2 Bottom of pg 416 -Read Travels of Ibn Batuta -SOAPST.

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19.1 – Europeans Explore the East

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  1. 19.1 – Europeans Explore the East Bell Ringer: Chapter 19 Pg 535 Q1

  2. Find a group of 4 classmates Everyone: On a sheet a of paper write TRADE in large letters

  3. Primary Source • Pg 414- SOAPST • top of Pg 416 Q 1,2 • Bottom of pg 416 -Read Travels of Ibn Batuta -SOAPST

  4. Exploration & Expansion • Reasons for exploration: • Riches = new sources of wealth • Spread Christianity • Spurred by advances in sailing technology • New Market: Spices & luxury goods from Asia • Demand greater than supply = high prices = high profits • Trade controlled by Italians & Muslims = high prices for Europe • Look for ways to bypass these two

  5. Expansion (cont.) • The Crusades created hostility between Muslims & Christians • Hope to Christianize Asia & directly obtain goods • “God, glory, & gold” • 1400s: Caravel invented • Sturdier, triangle sails = sail against the wind • Navigation • Astrolabe (Muslims) – track latitude • Magnetic Compass (China) – track direction

  6. Pg 535 Q 2 • Create a timeline • Start with 1400s The invention of Caravel • End with 1664 with France creating an East India Company

  7. Portugal • Leaders in sailing innovation • Strong government support • First to set-up trading posts in Africa • Prince Henry (“The Navigator”) • Founds a navigation school to perfect & expand exploration • 1460: Henry dies, but begins European trade w/ Africa • Gold, ivory, & eventually slaves • Starting blocks for reaching Asian markets

  8. To Asia • Goal: To reach Asia • Best route = sail around the tip of Africa • 1488: Bartolomeu Dias reaches to tip of Africa • Has to turn back • 1497: Vasco da Gama explores east coast of Africa • 1498: reaches the Indian port of Calicut • Opens a lucrative trade route to Asia for Portugal

  9. Spain • Envious of Portugal’s advancements • 1492: Christopher Columbus sails to find a route to Asia across the Atlantic • Reaches the Caribbean & opens up colonization of the Americas • Believed he had reached the East Indies • Ferdinand Magellan sails around the world • 1521: Claims the Philippines for Spain

  10. Magellan’s Voyage

  11. Spain v. Portugal • Columbus’ voyage leads to tensions between Spain & Portugal • Spain claiming Portuguese lands??? • 1493: Pope Alexander VI negotiates a peace = Line of Demarcation • West (Spain)/East (Portugal) • Runs through ~middle of Brazil • 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas • Agree to honor the line

  12. Treaty of Tordesillas

  13. Portugal’s Trading Empire • Da Gama’s voyage = Indian Ocean trade empire • Take control of spice trade from Muslims • Break the Muslim-Italian dominated Eastern trade • Gain control of vital trading ports/areas • 1510: capture Goa (becomes trade capital) • 1511: Control the Strait of Malacca • 1514: Control the Straits of Hormuz

  14. Dutch • The Netherlands: Small nation in NW Europe • 1600: Largest fleet in the world (20K ships) • Threaten Portuguese trade • Slowing take over trade • Form the Dutch East India Company = directs trade to Asia • Take the Strait of Malacca from the Portuguese • Gain control of Indonesia & the Cape of Good Hope (Tip of Africa)

  15. British & French • Britain fought w/ the Dutch to open eastern trade • Create the English East India Company • 1700: Britain & France gain a foothold • British trade from India flourishes • France struggles to gain much profit v. competition

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