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Heian Buddhism (I)

Heian Buddhism (I). Japanese monks made pilgrimages to China during the Heian Period (794-1185); Tiandai, Shingon became dominant schools; Tiandai was influential in Japan, called “ mother of Kamakura Buddhism ”— Eisai, Honen, Shinran, Dogen, Nichiren all were scholars on Mt. Hiei

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Heian Buddhism (I)

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  1. HeianBuddhism (I) • Japanese monks made pilgrimages to China during the Heian Period (794-1185); Tiandai, Shingon became dominant schools; Tiandai was influential in Japan, called “mother of Kamakura Buddhism”—Eisai, Honen, Shinran, Dogen, Nichiren all were scholars on Mt. Hiei • 804, Kukai visited Chang’an; Saicho visited Guoqing Temple in Mt. Tiantai • 805, Saicho returned to Japan, introducing Tiandai • 806, Saicho built monastery on Mt. Hiei; Kukai returned to Japan, introducing Shingon • 819, Kukai founded the Kongobuji monastery of Mt. Koya • 823-827, expansion of Enryakuji; Kukai became very active from now on

  2. Heian Buddhism (II) • 838, Ennin and three other monks made pilgrimage to China • 843, Toji established a post for the Shingon • 848, Ennin returned to Japan, became active thereupon • 858, Enchin returned to Japan, became active thereupon • 983-986, Chonen of Todaiji made pilgrimage to China • 1002, Jakusho (?) entered Song • 1042, monks of Enryakuji burnt Onjoji

  3. Heian Buddhishm (III) • 1052-53, Byodoin temple was inaugurated by emperor Fujiwara Yorimichi • 1168, Eisai entered Song, visited Mt. Tiantai, soon returned to Japan • 1171, Kaku-A entered Song, became active after returning Japan in 1175 • 1072, Jojin entered song. • 1187, Eisai came to Song again, at the age of 28, returned to Japan in 1191 • 1189, Dainichibo Nonin sent two disciples to China to study under Linji master Deguang of the Dahui school

  4. Chinese Buddhism during the Heian Period (I) • Tiantai was one of the most prominent Buddhist schools after a period of ups and downs. Its sixth patriarch, Zhanran (711-782) had just completed an important revitalization and systemization of school’s philosophical system when Saicho arrived in China in 804.Its members and proponents had been active for nearly two centuries • Daoxuan went to Japan to transmit vinaya and Tiantai teachings • Jianzhen (Ganjin) first brought Tiantai teachings to Japan (although he was a vinaya master) • Saicho studied under Zhanran’s disciples

  5. Chinese Buddhism during the Heian Period (II) • Tantrism of Subhakarasimha (637-795) and Amogavajra lines were active • Shaicho studied with Subhakarasimha’s disciple • Kukai, Ennin, and Enchin studied with Amoghavajra’s disciple • The Ox-head lineage of the Northern School of Chan Buddhism was also active • Saicho studied with Zen monks of this lineage, in Japan and in China.

  6. Chinese Buddhism (III) • Japanese monks came to China’s Tiantai shan, probably unaware of the development of South Chan at this time • Ennin, Saicho’s disciple, visited Tiantai, Chang’an, and Wutai, studying both Tantrism and Tiantai teachings but favoring Tantrism; he transmitted Wutai’s Pure Land faith popular in Enchin, too, went to Tiantai and Chang’an to study Tantrism and Tiantai teachings. He also favored Tantrism. • They both considered Tantric Darijing (Dainichikyo) superior to Tiantai’s Lotus Sutra in both theory and practice.

  7. Chinese Buddhism (IV)

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