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Human Presence vs. Telepresence. Exactly what are we doing in space? Compelling rationales are necessary. Is colonization the overarching goal? What methods serve the objective(s) best? Human exploration: possible for very short (terrestrial planet distances) distances.
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Human Presence vs. Telepresence • Exactly what are we doing in space? • Compelling rationales are necessary. Is colonization the overarching goal? • What methods serve the objective(s) best? • Human exploration: possible for very short (terrestrial planet distances) distances. • Robotic exploration: possible for Solar System, and possibly beyond. • All serious near-term human spaceflight scenarios seem to end with Mars. • Automated instruments are less expensive and have become increasingly capable. • Robotic surrogates have undertaken the majority of all space exploration missions.