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Conflicts over forests

Conflicts over forests. KGA172 Space, Place and Nature Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford Semester 2. Part 1. Looking back, looking forward. Revising Lecture 3.7.

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Conflicts over forests

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  1. Conflicts over forests KGA172 Space, Place and Nature Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford Semester 2

  2. Part 1 Looking back, looking forward

  3. Revising Lecture 3.7 Describe various meanings of the term conflict and delineate why an understanding of conflict is important for people interested in geography and environmental studies. In what ways might an understanding of the human ecosystem model assist in thinking through conflict over resources? What are the commons? How does our understanding of these areas differ from that understanding related to private property? Why is this difference significant in terms of conceiving of conflict? In relation to the commons, what is meant by non-excludable? How about rivalrous? Describe the difference between open access and common ownership resources and refer to examples from fisheries to explain how these differences can lay foundations for conflict. Can they also lay foundations for collaboration? What are some of the purposes that the commons serve? Describe the main insights to be derived from Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons. Auguste Rodin, A man thinking

  4. Learning Objectives Module 3 Lecture 8 KGA172 Know and be able to (a) employ basic geographical terminology and concepts, (b) find, evaluate, analyse and reference appropriate literature, (c) contribute to debates about development and sustainability Comprehend and be able to explain spatial patterns, generate basic maps, field sketches and graphs, and communicate in written and graphical forms Apply key academic skills and (a) engage in critical thinking, discussion and listening, and in self-reflection and reflection upon the viewpoints of others and (b) research, plan and conduct fieldwork to collect data Analyse and interpret basic spatial, numerical and qualitative information Synthesize and integrate knowledge of social and Earth systems • be able to • describe the magnitude and causes of global deforestation • understand how one might assess the role of logging in this process • describe the ways in which logging takes place • appreciate some of the environmental, social and cultural effects of logging • comprehend the nature of the political debate over the future of natural forests

  5. Textbook Reading Middleton, N. (2003). The Global Casino. Arnold, London, Chapter 4 Kirkpatrick, J.B. (1999). A Continent Transformed. OUP, Melbourne, Chapter 5. Critical reading What is the author’s purpose? What key questions or problems does the author raise? What information, data and evidence does the author present? What key concepts does the author use to organize this information, this evidence? What key conclusions is the author coming to? Are those conclusions justified? What are the author’s primary assumptions? What viewpoints is the author writing from? What are the implications of the author’s reasoning? [from Foundation for Critical Thinking] A man in a library

  6. Part 2 forests

  7. 8,000 BC – 2,000 AD: 5 billion to 3.9 billion ha

  8. Annual forest loss 1990-2000: c14 million ha Nick Middleton The Global Casino

  9. Nick Middleton The Global Casino

  10. Projected logged areas in the Amazon basin in the year 2050 for high value (light green), medium value (yellow), and low value timber (pink)

  11. 19thcentury Images from Frawley and Semple Australia’s Ever-Changing Forests

  12. Part 3 forestry

  13. Logging technologies – the clearfell coupe

  14. Cable logging

  15. Logging in Tasmania

  16. Silvicultural systems – clearfelling, the ecological basis

  17. Remove all merchantable trees

  18. Burn Photos: Dick Chuter

  19. Sow seed Photo: Pep Turner

  20. Kill browsers Photo: A. Zacharek

  21. Wait Photo: E. Pharo

  22. Group selection – the ecological basis

  23. The group selection silvicultural system

  24. Part 4 impacts

  25. Impacts of logging I Water yield Graph from Attiwill and Leeper Forest Soils and Nutrient Cycles

  26. Impacts of logging II Water quality Graph from Attiwill and Leeper Forest Soils and Nutrient Cycles

  27. Impacts of logging III Nutrient losses and gains Graph from Attiwill and Leeper Forest Soils and Nutrient Cycles

  28. Erosion and mass movement Impacts of logging III

  29. Impacts of snig tracks loading bays and bark dumps

  30. Problems with fire escapes Photos: E. Pharo

  31. Structural change Regeneration failures

  32. Weed and pathogen introduction Photos: T. Lee

  33. Climatic effects

  34. Part 5 Values and conflicts

  35. Sustained yield Logging for what? Graph from Attiwill and Leeper Forest Soils and Nutrient Cycles

  36. Multiple use

  37. Illegal logging, Kalimantan Learning how to log Trying to stop it

  38. Arguments for and against logging - jobs

  39. Old growth forests and greenhouse Useful products produced sustainably

  40. Value-based arguments against logging: existence rights, ecocentrism

  41. Biodiversity maintenance

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