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Women in Officiating. Growth of Women’s Sports. Prior to 1981, when the NCAA began to sponsor women’s championships in all sports, most athletic contests form women were officiated by women. Pay was inferior compared to the same fees paid to men’s sports
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Growth of Women’s Sports • Prior to 1981, when the NCAA began to sponsor women’s championships in all sports, most athletic contests form women were officiated by women. • Pay was inferior compared to the same fees paid to men’s sports • Title IX – increased demand for women officials • 1992 less than 15% of all registered officials on the HS level were women
Coaches & Administrators • Since title IX, in 1992, most Admin positions were given to men • Assigners • 1989 Referee Article .. Men view women’s sports as easier to call because a perceived lack of pressure and an easier game
Limitations For Women • Time Constraints – time-consuming job .. Traditional family structure .. Limitations may be put on women by their family responsibilities • Lack of Motivation – many are not attracted to officiating • Lack of Qualifications – lack of skills to deal with conflict resolution, leadership skills, communication skills or assertiveness • Lack of Opportunity – male-dominated • Absence of Organizational Support – most associations began with men • Devaluation of Women’s Sports – not as popular (how has this changed)