Neighborhoods

1. Neighborhoods

2. Illustrates the difference between strict city proper definitions and broader urban agglomerations. • To define urbanized areas, the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated MSA (CMSA) if two of them overlap.

3. Megalopolis & Conurbations • Megalopolis – large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world (like Boston to Washington, DC) • Conurbation – a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities (like Raleigh to Atlanta) BosNYWash

7. Agglomeration – the spatial group of people or activities for mutual benefit (business park at highway access point)

8. City Hierarchies • Map of city specialties

9. City Hierarchies • Map classification of tier of US cities

10. City Hierarchies • Map classification of tier of world cities

11. Moving in and out of cities • Urbanization – transformation of a population from rural to urban status; the process of city formation and expansion • Counterurbanization- the net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas

13. Moving in and out of cities • Reurbanization – the growth of population in metropolitan central cores, following a period of absolute or relative decline in population • Gentrification – invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhood by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences

14. Redlining – lenders identified risky neighborhoods in cities, refuse to offer loans to those in the districts • Blockbusting – realtors would sell a house in the neighborhood to a minority, then encourage the white owners to sell, produced white flight • Racial steering – realtors directing clients to buy homes in neighborhoods of like ethnicity

15. McMansions – supersized and all alike • Gated communities

16. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for • Resident of the city itself • Areas outside the city • The poorest people in the city • Basic needs, such as housing and food • People and businesses in the CBD only

17. The Economic Base • Inside – producing goods & services for those inside the city • This one circulates money but is revenue neutral • Outside – producing goods & services to export • This one brings money into the city

18. The Economic Base • Basic Sector – the combined export economic activities • Service (nonbasic) Sector – recirculation activities • Crucial to continual operation of the city • Professional Offices • City Government • Local Transit Systems • Schools • Basic/Nonbasic Ratios – similar for urban units of similar size • As settlement inc., the number of nonbasic personel grows faster than the number of basic. With a pop. of 1 mil. – 2 non/1 basic • The multiplier works both ways – growth & decline • The size of the multiplier effect is determined by the community’s basic/nonbasic ration

20. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for • Resident of the city itself • Areas outside the city • The poorest people in the city • Basic needs, such as housing and food • People and businesses in the CBD only

21. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for • Resident of the city itself • Areas outside the city • The poorest people in the city • Basic needs, such as housing and food • People and businesses in the CBD only

22. Controls • Market • Nonmarket • Building Codes • Health regulations • Zoning • Sometimes exclusionary • Asia – no zoning • Functional Zonation