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What is 3D ?

v. V. u. w. What is 3D ?. 3D velocity measurement. 3D volume of interest. 3D + Time  4D. 3D Doppler Ultrasound. 3D region, but only one velocity component. MRI @ 1,5T. 2D MRI Phase Contrast. Vector display of MRI phase contrast data. Early diastole. Systole. v. V. u. w.

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What is 3D ?

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  1. v V u w What is 3D ? 3D velocity measurement 3D volume of interest 3D + Time  4D

  2. 3D Doppler Ultrasound 3D region, but only one velocity component

  3. MRI @ 1,5T

  4. 2D MRI Phase Contrast Vector display of MRI phase contrast data Early diastole Systole

  5. v V u w 3D Cine Phase Contrast 3D Velocity dataset 2D Slices Wigström et al, Magn Reson Med, 1996;36(5)

  6. Visualization of 3D Velocity Data Color coding Vector plot

  7. v2Dt v3Dt v4Dt LVOT v1Dt v5Dt v6Dt Apex LA Particle Trace Visualization Integration of the velocity field starting in a user specified timeframe and at a specified location Wigström et al, Magn Reson Med, 1999;41(4)

  8. Particle Trace Visualization

  9. LVOT LVOT LA LA LV LV LV Diastolic Filling Early filling (E) Late filling (A) Fyrenius, et al, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 1999,12:817-21

  10. LVOT LA LV LV Diastolic Flow Patterns Vortices behind the mitral leaflets Doppler MRI

  11. Right PV Level of mitral valve Level of mitral valve Left PV Vortical flow in the left atrium A. Fyrenius

  12. Automatisk virvelkvantifiering Hur ser en virvel ut?

  13. Automatisk virvelkvantifiering Hur ser en virvel ut? • Begränsad geometri • “spiralflöde” etc

  14. Att hitta virvel kärnor • Utgå från ett önskat “mönster” • Leta igenom hela volymen efter matchande områden

  15. Exempel

  16. Exempel

  17. Andra flödesstrukturer • Parallell-flöde • “Skruv-flöde” Exempel: Aorta

  18. Pressure differences Simplified Bernoulli: Only for stenotic flow at peak inflow Navier-Stokes: More general, but time-resolved 3D velocity field needed

  19. 0.6 Aortic Pressure Differences Maximum velocity [m/s] 2 1.5 1 0.5 Level of coarctation repair 0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 Time [s] Pressure difference [mmHg] 0 -5 Normal -10 -15 Repaired coarctation -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Time [s]

  20. Relative Pressure Field

  21. Early Diastole Beginning Peak End Left Atrium Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Left Ventricle

  22. Left Atrium Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Left Ventricle Apex Late Diastole

  23. Myocardial Velocity LA Early diastole Short axis LV Long axis

  24. Myocardial Velocities in 3D Different directions acrossthe wall in early diastole

  25. Myocardial Velocities in 3D Longitudinal Radial Circumferential Velocity [cm/s] BaseMidApex Kvitting, et. al., ESMRMB 2000

  26. Translation Rotation Strain Shear-Strain = + + + Passive motion Strain Analysis of 3D Velocity Data • Strain • Strain rate • Stress - strain relationship ?

  27. Strain Rate 1D: 2D: 3D:

  28. E S A Strain rate [1/s] [s] Longitudinal expansion Radial expansion Strain rate (maximum eigenvalue) P. Selskog

  29. Ultraljud är basundersökning för hjärtanatomi

  30. Ultraljud kan färgkodas för flöde

  31. Vad kan 3D ultraljud tillföra? • Volymsberäkningar

  32. Volymsberäkning m 3D ultraljud

  33. Vad kan 3D ultraljud tillföra? • Anatomiska relationer

  34. Volume-rendered hjärteko

  35. Mitralisklaff ur olika vinklar

  36. Mitralisklaff från sidan

  37. Flöde m ultraljud

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