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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. The South and West Transformed. The New South. Henry Grady wants to industrialize South Farming becomes more diversified – wheat, grain, tobacco, fruit Railroads link cities; Atlanta major hub

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 The South and West Transformed

  2. The New South • Henry Grady wants to industrialize South • Farming becomes more diversified – wheat, grain, tobacco, fruit • Railroads link cities; Atlanta major hub • Growth was slow though – education limited, lacked technical schools, low wages, banking was slow to recover after Civil War • Had resources but not much capital & labor • Cotton still strong but boll weevil caused gradual drop in production • Farmer’s Alliance – attempted to pressure railroads to lower rates, wanted government to regulate interest rates

  3. Black Southerners • Could vote, serve their country, own businesses, farm, get an education • Reality: many lives did not change • Civil Rights Act of 1875 gave further rights but local governments ignored or overturned • Courts later left it up to local govt. to decide who could use public facilities • More terror and intimidation

  4. American Indians • Expansion puts pressure on Indians (Americans saw them as the same group) • Policies of resettlement, reservations, removal • Treaties broken time after time; buffalo slaughtered for hides • Sand Creek Massacre – troops massacred Cheyenne & Arapaho Indians (unarmed) in response to Sioux attacks on settlers – growing frustration exploded • Peace plans fail over and over

  5. Indians cont. • Battle of Little Big Horn – Sioux Indians massacre General George Custer & men • Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull eventually crushed & forced to surrender • Chief Joseph led his Nez Perce tribe on a long trek to avoid reservations but finally surrendered, “I will fight no more forever.” • Ghost Dance hoped to banish settlers • Final resistance – Sitting Bull killed at the battle of Wounded Knee • End of the Indian Wars • Dawes Act – from reservations to allotment system; forced to farm (not enough land); encouraged to convert, assimilate

  6. Sand Creek Massacre

  7. The West • Mining towns spring up all over the west (Pikes Peak, Colorado; Carson River, Nevada) • Large mining companies prosper; boom towns to ghost towns (vigilante justice) • Transcontinental Railroad links east and west; intensifies settlement • Cattle industry expands – open range system had worked (branded and roamed freely) • Demise of open range: barbed wire, supply exceeded demand; horrible weather reduced herds, farmers and sheepherders encroached • Cowboy culture emerges; cattle drives, cow towns & colorful characters – Jesse James, Wyatt Earp, Wild Bill Hickok, Doc Holliday; rodeos

  8. Farmers • Farmers settle the plains • Homestead Act 1862 gave 160 acres to anyone willing to farm • Exodusters – those who fled South after Reconstruction (many former slaves) • Sometimes conflicts between miners, ranchers, sheepherders, farmers • Land rushes, lotteries – would have races to stake out land • Prejudice towards Mexicans, Indians, Chinese

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