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BY DR. UMAIRA

BLOOD TRANSFUSION. BY DR. UMAIRA. TYPES OF BLOOD GROUP. Mainly two types of blood groups. ABO Rh. BLOOD COMPONENTS.

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BY DR. UMAIRA

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  1. BLOOD TRANSFUSION BY DR. UMAIRA

  2. TYPES OF BLOOD GROUP • Mainly two types of blood groups. • ABO • Rh

  3. BLOOD COMPONENTS • In modern medical treatments, patients may receive a pint of whole blood or just specific components of the blood needed to treat their particular condition. • Up to four components can be derived from donated blood. This approach to treatment, referred to as blood component therapy, allows several patients to benefit from one pint of donated whole blood.

  4. TYPES OF BLOOD COMPONENTS • Whole Blood • Whole blood contains red cells, white cells, and platelets (~45% of volume) suspended in plasma (~55% of volume). • Red cells • Red cells, or erythrocytes, carry oxygen from the lungs to your body’s tissue and take carbon dioxide back to your lungs to be exhaled.

  5. Cont…. • Platelets • Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood whose main function is to interact with clotting proteins to stop or prevent bleeding

  6. Cont… • Plasma • Plasma is a fluid, composed of about 92% water, 7% vital proteins such as albumin, gamma globulin, anti- hemophilic factor, and other clotting factors, and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones and vitamins

  7. Cont…. • Cryoprecipitated AHF • Cryoprecipitated Antihemophilic Factor (Cryo) is a portion of plasma rich in clotting factors, including Factor VIII and fibrinogen. It is prepared by freezing and then slowly thawing the frozen plasma

  8. WHOLE BLOOD Color: Red Shelf life : 21-35 days Storing temperature : Refrigerated Indications: Trauma, Surgery

  9. PACKED RED CELLS • Color: Red • Shelf life: 35 days • Storing conditions : Refrigerated • Indications: Trauma • Surgery • Anemia • Any blood loss • Blood disorders, • such as sickle cell anemia

  10. PLATELETS • Color: Colorless • Shelf life: 5 Days • Storing temperature: Room temperature with constant agitation to prevent clumping. • Indications : Cancer treatments • Organ transplants • Surgery

  11. PLASMA • Color: Yellow • Shelf life: one year • Storing temperature: Frozen • Indications: Burn patients • Shock • Bleeding disorders

  12. CRYOPRECIPITATE • Color: White • Shelf life: one year • Storing Temperature: Frozen • Indications: Hemophilia • Von Willebrand disease (most common hereditary coagulation abnormality) • Rich source of Fibrinogen

  13. PREPARATION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS • The whole blood donation is centrifuged to separate red cells from plasma.

  14. STEP 2 • Approximately 190-260 mL of donor plasma is expressed into the satellite bag. • The plasma can be used to prepare FFP, FP or cryoprecipitate

  15. STEP 3 • The RBC unit is sealed and stored at 1-6°C

  16. PREPARARTION OF PLASMA • Fresh Frozen Plasma is plasma that is frozen within 8 hours of collection. It may be prepared from a whole blood donation (by separating the red cells and plasma collected) or from an apheresis collection. • Frozen Plasma is plasma that is frozen within 24 hours of collection. All Frozen Plasma prepared by Canadian Blood Services comes from whole blood donations

  17. PREPARATION OF PLATELETS • Approximately 190-260 mL of donor plasma is expressed through a filter into the first satellite bag to produce platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

  18. Cont.. • The PRP is centrifuged at room temperature using a “hard spin” to concentrate the platelets. • All but approximately 50 mL of plasma is expressed into the second satellite bag.

  19. Cont…. • The platelet units rest at room temperature for one to two hours to recover from the preparation manipulations. The platelet units are then stored on a platelet agitator in a room temperature incubator

  20. PREPARATION OF CRYOPRECIPITATE • The whole blood donation is centrifuged to separate red cells from plasma.

  21. STEP 2 • Approximately 190-260 mL of donor plasma is expressed into the satellite bag. The RBC unit is sealed and stored at 1-6o C for varying shelf lives

  22. STEP 3 • Donor plasma is rapidly frozen within eight hours of collection to preserve Factor VIII.

  23. STEP 4 • Donor plasma is thawed slowly at 1-6°C to the slush stage. Plasma is then centrifuged to separate the cryoprecipitated portion (i.e., cryoprecipitate) from the liquid portion (cryosupernatant plasma).

  24. STEP 5 • All but ~10 mL of plasma is expressed into the final satellite bag. The three mL of Cryo remains in a plasma volume of about 5-15 mL.

  25. THANK YOU

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