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London - Canada, April 3, 2008

Sérgio Peres, Ph.D. – University of Pernambuco Leonardo Ramos, B.Sc. – PROMATA Rita de Cássia Figueiredo, M.Sc. – PROMATA Manoel Nazareno Neto – D.V.M. - PROMATA. THE USE OF THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE RESIDUES TO GENERATE BIODIESEL, BIOGAS, BIOFERTILIZER AND PELLETS. London - Canada, April 3, 2008.

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London - Canada, April 3, 2008

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  1. Sérgio Peres, Ph.D. – University of Pernambuco Leonardo Ramos, B.Sc. – PROMATA Rita de Cássia Figueiredo, M.Sc. – PROMATA Manoel Nazareno Neto – D.V.M. - PROMATA THE USE OF THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE RESIDUES TO GENERATE BIODIESEL, BIOGAS, BIOFERTILIZER AND PELLETS London - Canada, April 3, 2008

  2. STANDARD SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN PERNAMBUCO - BRAZIL General Characteristics • Located in the Interior of Pernambuco - Brazil • Slaughterhouse model: 200 bovine/week (initial project) • 600 bovine/week (updated) • Main Products • Beef • Blood 13 kg/bovine • Skin • Tallow 10 - 15 kg/bovine

  3. Location of Pernambuco

  4. STANDARD SLAUGHTERHOUSE Slaughterhouse sketch with the biodiesel plant and biogas unit BIODIGESTOR

  5. SLAUGHTERHOUSE EFFLUENTS • Wastewater containing diluted blood, fat, suspended solids (2500 liters/ton or 1200 liter/bovine)* • Cow Manure (15 kg/bovine); • Tallow (10 kg/bovine); • Biological oxygen demand (BOD) • Varying between 800 and 2.200 mg/L* • Chemical oxygen demand (COD); • Varying between 2.500 and 11.500 mg/L** Sources: * Scarassati, D et all – Tratamento de Efluentes de matadouros e Fligoríficos – III Fórum de Estudos Contábeis – FIC, Rio Claro –SP – 2003; ** Massé, D.I, Masse, L. and Bougeois, N. – Anaerobic Processing of slaughterhouse wastewater in a SBR

  6. EFFLUENTS Conventional waste treatment • Using an Anaerobic lagoon; BOD5 reduction efficiency - 60 a 90% range*; or, • To send the wastewater to a Municipal treatment plant Main problems caused by the effluents (not eliminated by the conventional treatment) • Bad odor; • Riverbed, streams and aqueducts pollution • Flies proliferation; • Bacteria exposure to air; • Methane emission (a powerful greenhouse gas); Source: * Massé, D.I, Masse, L. and Bougeois, N. – Anaerobic Processing of slaughterhouse wastewater in a SBR

  7. Concept of a Modern and Sustainable Slaughterhouse • The use of the effluents or BYPRODUCTS (wastewater, tallow and manure), former RESIDUES, to produce biofuels and fertilizer; • These BYPRODUCTS usage can reduce the slaughterhouse pollution and operational costs; • Formation of a new slaughterhouse concept,THE 4B SLAUGHTERHOUSE, in which can be produced Beef Tallow BIODIESEL, BIOGAS, BIOMASS (pellets and briquettes), and BIOFERTILIZER. Project: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Peres/UPE-POLI Sponsor: PROMATA/PE

  8. BIODIGESTORS Biofertilizer SLAUGHTERHOUSE INTEGRATION SLAUGHTERHOUSE 4B BYPRODUCTS MANURE + LIQUID EFFLUENT Biomass TALLOW PELLETS/ BRIQUETTES BIODIESEL PLANT Biodiesel Glicerina Biogas TRUCK FLEET AGRICULTURE SOAP ENERGY ALMOST NO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

  9. BYPRODUCT ROUTES

  10. Use of 1200 to 1500 liters of water/bovine The green and red streams need to be screened to remove fibers bigger than 0.75 mm to avoid clogging the biodigestor Wasterwater route(the GREEN and RED streams)

  11. SCREEN

  12. STABILIZATION LAGOON SUBSTITUTED BY BIODIGESTORS PVC DOME Geomembrane

  13. Each bovine produces about 15 kg/day of dry matter* The cattle stays one day in the slaughterhouse** 600 bovines/week = 9,000 kg = 9 ton of manure** Biogas Production = 270 m³/ton of dry matter* Biogas Production = 2,430 m³/week*** Monthly biogas production = 9,720 m³*** Use of Cow Manure Fontes: * Vânia Campos – Esterco Bovino Curtido. 2007 ** Data provided by PROMATA *** Calculated in the UPE/POLI/POLICOM

  14. 1 m³ OF BIOGAS HAS THE SAME HEATING VALUE OF : 1.536 kg of wood 0.79 liter of hydrated alcohol (used in Brazilian car’s) O.613 liters of gasoline 0.579 liters of kerosene 0.454 liters of LPG (cooking gas) 1.428 kW Fonte: Barrera, 1993 Hence, 9,720 m³ biogas monthly produced is energetically equivalent to the production of : 14.930 kg of wood; 7,679 liters of hydrated alcohol; 5.958liters of gasoline; 5,628 liters of kerosene 4,413 liters of LPG (cooking gas) 13,880 kW BIOGAS

  15. To study the tallow to biodiesel process, a laboratory scale plant was built to determine: The characteristics of the ethanol and methanol routes; The process variables: Mass of reactants, time and temperature required for the transesterification reaction to occur; The catalyst types and quantities used in each route; The Residues generated; The recycling of the alcohol; The conversion efficiencies: tallow to oil and oil to biodiesel To have a more realistic Technical and Economical Feasibility Study Biodiesel Plant Simulation

  16. Lab Scale Biodiesel Plant

  17. BEEF TALLOW BIODIESEL PROCESSES

  18. BEEF TALLOW BIODIESEL

  19. Tallow Biodiesel Characteristics

  20. Beef Tallow - Constituents

  21. Transesterification Process

  22. Mass Balance of the Biodiesel Process

  23. Time required for the B100 production

  24. Chemical Products Cost in Recife - Brazil

  25. Effect of the Consumables Prices on Biodiesel Production Cost

  26. Methanol Vs. Ethanol

  27. Estimated Total Cost to Produce Tallow Biodiesel

  28. Investment Return Time

  29. Each kg of biodiesel avoids the emission of 3,5 kg of carbon. Production of 174.528 liters of B100 = 150 metric tones It prevents the emission of 525 tones of carbon. According to Ecolynks, 1 tone of Carbon = $ 15.00/ton Annually, a total of $ 7.875,00 can be obtained selling carbon credits Source: www.ecobusinesslinks.com/carbon_offset_wind_credits_carbon_reduction Carbon Credits

  30. FM Heating Value = 37 MJ/kg Wood heating value = 18 MJ/kg Adapting the boiler, it is possible to use the fatty matter as fuel instead of wood. Advantages: Reduction in the slaughterhouse operational costs; Usage of a solid residue of the biodiesel production process, resulting in less pollution; Avoid the illegal wood commerce reducing the damage to the environment. Plant daily production of 200 kg of fatty matter, which is energetically equivalent to 420 kg of wood. it will not be necessary to acquire 10 tones of wood per month Fatty Matter

  31. . Alcohol free Glycerin COMMERCIALIZATION Soap Factory Cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries BIOGAS GENERATION Glycerin

  32. THE USAGE OF THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE RESIDUES TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL, BIOGAS, BIOFERTILIZER AND BIOMASS IS : TECHNICALLY, ECONOMICALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FEASIBLE; IT IS NECESSARY FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; and, TO PRESERVE THE EARTH FOR THE NEXT GENERATIONS. CONCLUSIONS

  33. To calculate the cost of producing the tallow oil in the slaughterhouses distributed in the Zona da Mata region to be transported to a 90,000 liter biodiesel factory, with local production/consumption of biogas, biofertilizers, biomass and fatty matter; To design a biodiesel plant capable of producing NINETY THOUSAND LITERS OF B100 MONTHLY. (15,000 bovines/month) To calculate the cost of B100 production; and, To make an economical analysis to certify the FEASIBILITY OF THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION in the 90,000 liters/month Plant. NEXT STEPS

  34. THANK YOU !

  35. OBRIGADO !

  36. Universidade de PernambucoEscola Politécnica de PernambucoPOLICOM - Laboratório de Combustíveis e Energia Sergio Peres, Ph.D. Fone: (+ 55 81) 3228-3529 Fax: (+ 55 81) 2119-3802 E-mail: policom@upe.poli.br sergperes@gmail.com Homepage: www.upe.poli.br/policom

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