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Cornelius epistulam scribit.

Cornelius epistulam scribit. Nuntius ad pueros appropinquat. Cur Cornelius solus sedet? Ubi Marcus et Sextus et Cornelia errant? Quos spectant in agris? Quis advenit? Quem nuntius petit? Cur princeps senatores Romanos ad urbem revocat? Quis clamat “eugepae”? Cur?

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Cornelius epistulam scribit.

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  1. Cornelius epistulam scribit. Nuntius ad pueros appropinquat.

  2. Cur Cornelius solus sedet? • Ubi Marcus et Sextus et Cornelia errant? • Quos spectant in agris? • Quis advenit? • Quem nuntius petit? • Cur princeps senatores Romanos ad urbem revocat? • Quis clamat “eugepae”? Cur? • Cur gemit Cornelia?

  3. Pater epistulam legit. Pater epistulas legit. Obiectum Singulare Obiectum plurale epistulam epistulas

  4. Puella puerum salutat. Puella duos pueros salutat. Obiectum Singulare Obiectum plurale epistulam epistulas puerum pueros

  5. Sextus arborem ascendere amat. Sextus arbores ascendere amat. Obiectum Singulare Obiectum plurale epistulam epistulas puerum pueros arborem arbores

  6. Find the direct object in each sentence and make it plural. epistulam epistulas puerum pueros arborem arbores • Pueri in viā conspiciunt. • Princeps ad urbem revocat. • Cornelia et Flavia in agris spectant. • Princeps consulere vult. • Nuntius statim tradit. • Pueri in agris petunt. • ancillae coquere parant. • Pueri prope viā audiunt. • Cornelia non adiuvat. • Aurelia reprehendere non timet. puellam puellas senatorem senatores servum servos virum viros epistulas epistulam patrem patres Multos cibos Multum cibum magnos fragores magnum fragorem matrem defessam matres defessas servum ignavum servos ignavos

  7. We now have four different forms for each noun… Feminine Nouns Puella est amica. Puellam lupus terret. Puellae sunt amicae. Puellas lupus terret. Masculine Nouns Servus est vir. Servum Cornelius reprehendit. Servi sunt viri. Servos Cornelius reprehendit. Other Guys Arbor est in silvā. Arborem Sextus ascendit. Arbores sunt in silvā. Arbores Sextus ascendit. ...and three different kinds of nouns.

  8. Case Use Feminine Masculine Other Guys & Use Nominative Sing Singular Accusative Sing Singular Plural Nominative Pl Plural Accusative Pl

  9. Cases • The word “case” refers to the ending that appears at the end of a Latin word. • Puella is in a different case from Puellam because they have different endings (-a vs. –am). • A Latin word changes its case when it changes its function in a sentence. • When puella goes from subject to object, it changes its “case” from puella to puellam.

  10. Cases • Latin cases have special names that are unfamiliar to you. • Latin nouns that are subjects are in the nominative case. • Puellae, vir, arbores, servi, epistula, vox are all in the nominative case because they have case endings that show they are the subject or complement of a sentence. • Latin nouns that are direct objects are in the accusative case. • Puellas, virum, arbores, servos, voces are all in the accusative case because they have case endings that shows they are the direct object of a sentence.

  11. Let’s go back and identify the cases of the nouns in some sentences. nominative plural • In villā sedent viri Romani. • Cornelius est senator Romanus. • Patermultas epistulas scribere vult. • Subito nuntium conspicit. • Nuntius, ubi advenit, pueros salutat. • Princepssenatores Romanos ad urbem revocat. Nominative singular nominative singular accusative plural nominative sing accusative singular nominative singular accusative plural nominative singular accusative plural

  12. Model Sentences • Puella epistulam tradit. Puellae epistulas tradunt. • Puer cibum tradit. Pueri cibos tradunt. • Mater arborem curat. Matres arbores curant. Write these on your purple sheets and label each case.

  13. Case 1st Declension 2nd Declension 3rd Declension Use Feminine Masculine Other Guys & Use Nominative Sing Accusative Sing Nominative Pl Accusative Pl

  14. Declensions • Each noun belongs to a declension. A declension is simply the name we give to certain specific patterns nouns use for their cases. • The 1st declension pattern is –a, -am, -ae, -as. • The 2nd declension pattern is –us, -um, -i, os. • The 3rd declension pattern is (X), -em, -es, -es.

  15. What declension do the following nouns belong to? • lupus, lupum, lupi, lupos • Fragor, fragorem, fragores, fragores • Nuntius, nuntium, nuntii, nuntios • Epistula, epistulam, epistulae, epistulas • Urbs, urbem, urbes, urbes • Ager, agrum, agri, agros • Mater, matrem, matres, matres • Aqua, aquam, aquae, aquas 2nd 3rd 1st declension 2nd declension 3rd declension 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd 3rd 1st

  16. Arbores can be nominative plural or accusative plural! Help! What do you do if two forms look alike!!! Take a look at these sentences. Can you figure out what they say?

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