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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. Chapter 24A. The Endocrine System. Consists of the ductless glands of the body Deposits hormones into the bloodstream Helps control body functions. Hormones.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System Chapter 24A

  2. The Endocrine System • Consists of the ductless glands of the body • Deposits hormones into the bloodstream • Helps control body functions

  3. Hormones chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to other parts of the body

  4. Hormones • Organic chemicals produced by the ES • Transported by blood • Specific • Secreted in small amounts

  5. Hormones • Filtered by the kidneys and deactivated by the liver • Closely regulated • maintain homeostasis

  6. Modes of Action • Steroid hormones diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to receptors. • Nonsteroid hormones combine with a membrane receptor and release chemicals into the cytoplasm.

  7. Control of Hormone Secretions • Nervous system • Changes within the body • Negative feedback system

  8. Malfunctions • Hyposecretion • underproduction of a hormone • Hypersecretion • overproduction of a hormone

  9. The Endocrine Glands

  10. Anterior Pituitary • Tropic hormones • stimulate growth and function of other endocrine glands

  11. Anterior Pituitary • Growth hormone • height and size • regulates protein synthesis, breakdown of fats, formation of periosteum and epiphyseal plates

  12. Abnormalities • Dwarfism • Giantism • Acromegaly

  13. Posterior Pituitary • Stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus • oxytocin • antidiuretic

  14. Thyroid Gland • Thyroxine • indirectly affects growth; stimulates heat production; increases oxygen use • disorders

  15. Thyroid Gland • calcitonin • causes Ca+ to move from blood into bone tissue

  16. Parathyroid Glands • parathyroid hormone • removes Ca+ from bone and into blood

  17. Islets of Langerhans • Insulin • lowers blood sugar level • stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen • Glucagon • raises blood sugar level

  18. Islets of Langerhans • Disorders • hyperglycemia • hypoglycemia

  19. Adrenal Glands • Adrenal cortex • Adrenal medulla • epinephrine • norepinephrine

  20. Gonads and Sex Hormones • Gonads • reproductive organs • Male • androgens, e.g. testosterone • Female • estrogen and progesterone

  21. Puberty Girls 12-13 years average Boys 14 years average

  22. Secondary Sex Characteristics • body hair • body fat • muscle and bone growth • voice • skin • reproductive glands and organs change

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