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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. The 13 Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750. Development of Colonies. CHESAPEAKE COLONIES. Chesapeake Colonies: Maryland:. King Charles I granted proprietorships to Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 The 13 Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750

  2. Development of Colonies

  3. CHESAPEAKE COLONIES

  4. Chesapeake Colonies: Maryland: • King Charles I granted proprietorships to Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) • Act of Toleration: religious freedom to all Christians; those who denied divinity of Jesus were sent to death. • Act was repealed when Protestants revolted; Catholics lost rights.

  5. Economic problems: low tobacco prices over production London merchants rose their prices on goods exported to Virginia Political Problems: Sir William Berkeley acted like dictator & favored large planters Bacon’s Rebellion:led a series of raids against Indian villages Lasting problems: sharp class differences and resistance to royal control Virginia:

  6. Labor Shortages: • Indentured servants: people from British Isles worked for a master for a pd. of time in exchange for payment of passage. • Headright system: 50 acres of land for those who paid for own passage or masters who paid for immigrant’s passage • Slavery: Africans brought to Virginia; House of Burgesses enacted laws of discrimination

  7. Development of New England Colonies

  8. Development ofNew England : Rhode Island • Roger Williams: banished from Bay Colony, fled to Narragansett Bay, founded Providence and first Baptist Church • He respected rights of Native Americans • Complete religious toleration for Catholics, Quakers, Jews • Anne Hutchison: banished from Bay colony, believed in antinomianism, founded Portsmouth

  9. New England Confederation: Plymouth, MA Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed military alliance to solve boundary disputes, return runaway slaves, and deal with Indians. • King Philip‘s War: chief of Wampanoags named Metacom (King Philip) fought against settlers. Colonial forces prevailed.

  10. South Carolina: Economy based on trading furs, and giving food to West Indies Large rice plantations North Carolina: Small tobacco farms Few good harbors and few large plantations Restoration Colonies:

  11. New York Charles II granted Duke of York (James II) land btwn. CT and Delaware Bay James took control of land from Dutch Peter Stuyvesant James ordered no taxes, duties, rents w/o a representative assembly =strong opposition New Jersey James gave section of NY to Berkeley and Carteret between Hudson and Delaware Rivers Generous land offers, religious freedom, assembly

  12. Mercantilism: Europe looked upon trade, colonies, and accumulation of wealth as basis for country’s military/political strength. • Navigation Acts: 1. Trade to and from colonies carried only by English or colonial built ships 2. All imported goods could only pass through ports in England 3. Enumerated goods could only be exported to England **The acts were poorly enforced SMUGGLING!!!

  13. MERCANTILISM

  14. BRIEF EXPERIMENT:DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND • James II tried to increase royal control in colonies • He sent Sir Edmund Andros to combine NY, NJ, and other New England colonies into dominion • Levied taxes, limited town meetings, revoked land titles • Dominion was ended with Glorious Revolution

  15. Institution of Slavery: Slavery became important because: reduced migration need for dependable work force need for cheap labor Triangular Trade:

  16. TRIANGULAR TRADE

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