Ethnicity and Race

1. Ethnicity and Race Part 2

2. Learning Objectives for Ethnicity and Race Unit • 1. Distinguish between race and ethnicity and the concept of what is means to be a member of an ethnic group. • 2. Analyze historical and contemporary attempts to classify humans into distinct ‘racial’ categories • 3. Assess the importance of geography in examining & explaining patterns of human biological variation • 4. Differentiate between prejudice and discrimination. • 5. Differentiate between ethnocentrism and bias. • 6. Identify how race is socially constructed by different cultures. • 7. Apply types of ethnic interactions to classify past and contemporary events.

3. Ethnicity and Race, Part 2 • Outline of Lecture • Cross-Country View of Race • US, Japan & Brazil • Fish’s article on Brazil • Journal Entry Assignment, Part 3 • Terms associated with Ethnicity • Ethnic Tolerance & Conflict

4. Social Construction of Race:United States • Descent: _____________________________ • Can an individual’s social identity be diverse? • What is ancestry? • Does an individual define their descent, or is social identity assigned socially?

5. Social Construction of Race:United States • Hypodescent: • What does this mean? • When do you think this categorized of people started? • What social implications does this concept have?

6. Social Construction of Race:United States • Hypodescent

7. Social Construction of Race:United States • Hypodescent • In the US, socially constructed race is fixed at birth • Michelle Obama Dolphus T. Shields, Son of a slave: M. Obama’s great-great grandfather

8. Social Construction of Race:United States • US Census  Started gathering demographic data in 1790

9. Social Construction of Race:Japan • Initial thoughts on Japan with respect to (social) race? Diverse, uniform? • Majority group – __________________ • 1. • 2. • 3.

10. Social Construction of Race:Japan • Minority groups have a ________ • Examle: _________ • ________

11. Social Construction of Race:Japan • __________

12. Social Construction of Race:Brazil • Which country colonized Brazil? • Did Brazil have slavery? Yes, African slaves.

13. Social Construction of Race:Brazil • ‘Race’ is _____________ • Over __________________ • Based on: • 1. • 2. • 3.

14. Journal Entry Assignment • Part 3: Response blog to Fish’s ‘Mixed Blood’ article • Article available on course website

15. Terms Associated with Ethnicity • Nation: • Previously synonymous ___________________________ • State: • Nation and state are ________________

16. Terms Associated with Ethnicity • Nation-State: • Multi-ethnic communities: • Decreasing ____________________________ • Differences across the globe

17. Terms Associated with Ethnicity Bushman of Botswana

18. Terms Associated with Ethnicity • Nationality:

19. Terms Associated with Ethnicity Kurdistan

20. Terms Associated with Ethnicity Impact of Colonialism • _________________________________ • Berlin Conference (1884-1885) • Occurred during the New Imperialism period • Also called the _______________________ • Results

21. Results & Consequences

22. Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance • Assimilation: ___________________ • Forced Assimilation • Example: • Passive Assimilation • ______________________

23. Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance • Assimilation may not occur – what happens then? • Plural societies • Interdependent economical niches

24. Ethnic Conflict & Tolerance • Multiculturalism • Opposite of _____________________ • Cultural diversity is ____________________ • ___________________ traditions • Dominant (national) culture & __________

25. Important Terms • 1. • 2. • 3.

26. Ethnic Conflicts • Described as __________________________ • Tangled web – interconnected and multidimensional • _______________________ • __________________________ • ____________________________ • Manifestations can include violence, war, and ‘ethnic cleansing’ Political, socio-cultural, military, religious, legal, ecological, and other factors

27. Ethnic Conflict Example: ________________________ • 1) • 2) • 3) • 4) • Note: Terrorist groups are generally separate from the actual conflict. They may contribute to the conflict BUT in many instances the conflict was present prior to these groups developing in, or entering, the region.

28. Ethnic Conflict & Colonial Legacy • Cultural Colonialism • ___________________ • ____________________ • __________________ • Altered _____________ • ________________

29. Genocide • Crime of Genocide was outlined in the International Law in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (1948): “Genocide is a crime of intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial and religious group, in whole or in part.” • Other acts associated with genocide are punishable including incitement of genocide and complicity in genocide

30. Genocide – A Global Perspective • Examples of genocide? • Why do you think some genocides are associated with wars while others are not? • What do you believe is the role of the international community with respect to a genocidal situation?

31. Genocide:Bosnian Refugees Background: • 1991: Bosnia declared sovereignty • Bosnian Serb minority boycotted referendum wanted to create a Serb-only republic

32. Genocide:Bosnian Refugees Conflict Background: • Fighting lasted for three years • Over 2 million displaced refugees • Where did they go?

33. Tomorrow’s Agenda • Ethnicity and Race in the News • Find a newspaper story or news media story on ethnicity or (social) race • Bring a hard-copy to class tomorrow • Group work: Be prepared to analyze which type(s) of ethnic interaction the story is depicting (See ‘Recap 6.2’ on page 147 of Kottak’s book)