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  1. IMPORTANT WARNING Please note that this PowerPoint Presentation contains animations. In order to view the content properly, an add-in function must be installed into the PowerPoint software. The add-in function is downloadable from the following hyperlink. Swiff Point Player

  2. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONAL UNITS

  3. NEURAL COMMUNICATION (I) (Action potential propagation)

  4. NEURAL COMMUNICATION (II) (Synaptic Transmission)

  5. DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebral peduncle Tectum Brainstem Cerebellum Pons Medulla Oblongata Sagittal View of the Brain

  6. FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF THE BRAIN The Cerebrum The Cerebellum The Brain Stem

  7. ANATOMY OF THE CEREBRUM Cerebral Hemispheres (View from Above) Right Left

  8. FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM • Frontal lobe: • Voluntary movement • Higher intellectual functions • Temporal lobe: • Speech & Sound • Complex visual perceptions • Occipital lobe: • Vision • Parietal lobe: • Sensory processes • Attention • Language

  9. CONTRALATERAL FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRUM

  10. ANATOMY OF THE CEREBELLUM 3 1 2 Spinal cord 1. Left Cerebellar Hemisphere 2. Right Cerebellar Hemisphere 3. Vermis

  11. CEREBELLAR FUNCTIONS

  12. ANATOMY OF THE BRAINSTEM

  13. FUNCTION OF THE BRAINSTEM • Midbrain: • Visual & auditory processing and reflexes • Fine-tuning of voluntary movements • Pons: • Relay station for cerebellum • Control of sub-conscious movement • Medulla Oblongata: • Control of cardiovascular functions • Control of respiration • Control of gastrointestinal functions

  14. RETICULAR FORMATION Functions: Regulation of autonomic functions, alertness and sleep

  15. THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

  16. FUNCTIONS OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM • Cingulate cortex: • Coordination of sensory signals • Emotion • Septal area: • Sexual arousal • Hippocampus: • Long-term memory development • Amygdala: • Aggression and fear • Hypothalamus: • Endocrine regulation • Body temperature • Regulation of thirst and hunger • Regulation of circadian rhythms

  17. REVIEW: ANATOMY & FUNCTION OF BRAIN

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