Sanitation in Developing Countries

1. Sanitation in Developing Countries The Crisis is not a fatality Samir BENSAID Institut int. de l’Eau & de l’Assainissement, IEA ONEP Morocco

2. Sanitation in Developing CountriesAn Alarming Situation

3. Sanitation in Developing CountriesOff track the MDGs-related

4. The Cost of Inaction Annual average costs of damage linked to environmental degradation (%GDP) The cost of water resource degradation, and inadequate potable water, sanitation and hygiene is assessed at 1.0-1.45 percent of GDP(around USD 0.5 billion/year) Ref. World Bank, 2003

5. Economicbenefitsof Sanitation Improvement 1/2 • Highcost-benefit • average • 5.5 • SubSaharian Africa • 8.9 • North Africa • 23.5 (Source Haller L.,Hutton G., Bartram J. (2004) Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level WHO Geneva)

6. Economicbenefitsof Sanitation Improvement 2/2 Specific Issue REUSE Benefits • In addition of the economic benefits of REUSE linked to de-pollution,REUSE could provide an additional non conventional water resources (mainly in arid and semi-arid regions). • REUSE could be an ecological and sustainablealternative to Desalination

7. Major Obstacles to Sanitation Improvement • Sanitation crisis is above all due to the weakness of the Political Willas shown by limited resources allocated to the sector:Ignorance of Sanitation benefits • Lack in integration of sanitation within water programs Water: In contradiction with IWRM and with a sustainable development • Dilemma between the Relative « High costs » to implement an Action Plan for Sanitation due to the huge gap to fill by one hand and the unwillingness of the poor people to pay the service by the other hand:Who should pay for negligence in sanitation in the past? • Inadequate choices in term of approach and technology, • Lack of Capacity Building including awareness & communication

8. Major Key Issues For A Sustainable Strategy in Sanitation • Setting Sanitation as a Priorityby Advocating “Right to Sanitation” • Integrating Financing programs for Water and SanitationResponsibility of both governments and Donors • Subsidizing Sanitation through government budget.It’s not fair to make pay the mistakes of the past by only the water users • Fostering Public Operators as main tools for achieving MDG’ San. By Investing in Capacity Building and Sharing Common Knowledge(i.ePuP, WOP mechanisms, partnership SIAAP-ONEP, CENTA-ONEP…) • R&D for appropriate/sustainable Approaches & Technologiese.g. Sustainable Sanitation approaches enable the complete recoveryof all nutrients from faeces, urine and greywater to the benefit of agriculture, and the minimisation of water pollution • SIAAP-ONEP • An exemplary partnership

9. Specific Key Issues to Debate • I-The relevant perimeter to manage Sanitation? • How to deal with the dilemma between: • - Managing sanitation services by local authorities and • - IWRM approach which is rather operated at a catchment level & involves different water using sectors • II-Stormwater Management • Floodingis becoming increasingly a huge problem, because it generates human, environmental & economic disasters even in developing countries cities • II-Public or Private management? « An extensive review of 22 empirical tests and 48 case studies on the effect of privatesector participation in water services has been conducted.Thissurvey shows thatprivatesector participation, per se, in water supplydoes not systematicallylead to gains in efficiency ».Ref. OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WorkingPaper No. 265 - Mars 2008 - PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION & REGULATORY REFORM IN WATER SUPPLY: THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN EXPERIENCE.

10. Thankyou for yourattention and yourcomments Contact Samir BENSAID samir.bensaid@gmail.com