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Claude Faidy Eric MERMET French Component Design and Safety Expert General Manager

Claude Faidy Eric MERMET French Component Design and Safety Expert General Manager claude.faidy@inuclear-academy.com eric.mermet@inuclear-academy.com International Nuclear Academy + 33 (0)3 85 42 36 98.

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Claude Faidy Eric MERMET French Component Design and Safety Expert General Manager

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  1. Claude Faidy Eric MERMET French Component Design and Safety Expert General Manager claude.faidy@inuclear-academy.comeric.mermet@inuclear-academy.com International Nuclear Academy +33 (0)3 85 42 36 98 EDUCATION and TRAININGHow to Develop the Safety Culture of Human ResourcesDealing with Nuclear Energy www.inuclear-academy.com September 13, 2013 WNA - Annual Symposium 2013 Rev. 3

  2. Content • Introduction to INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ACADEMY • Culture • Safety • Safety Culture • Example: Design/ Construction/Operation of SSC • Reference system • Specifications • Codes & Standards • Safety Analysis Report • Regulation • INA Safety Culture training courses • Principles • Examples • Conclusions www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  3. International Nuclear Academy • Initiated in 2009 by the PNB – • Continuing Professional Development dedicated to Nuclear, from Operators to Executives • Get access to unique facilities : • the CETIC is a training centre displaying 1:1 scale mocks-up of primary system components designed for training on maintenance and refueling operations. • Speakers are originated from a wide network of experts, with a large nuclear experience, renowned in France and abroad www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  4. INA nuclear training courses YOUR GOAL to match nuclear market expectations DEVELOPPING NUCLEAR SAFETY CULTURE DEVELOPPING CODES & STANDARDS UNDERSTANDING IMPLEMENTING NUCLEAR MANAGING TOOLS ADDRESSING NEW MARKETS OUR TRAINING SESSIONS Designed for your nuclear expertise SAFETYNUC STANDARDNUC Human Performance DISMANTNUC EXENUC QUALINUC_RCC-M RISKNUC MARKETNUC EXENUC – EXPORT UK-China-CZ-P QUALINUC_ASME EXPORTNUC UK-China-India QUALINUC_RSE-M DESP-ESPN www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  5. Culture • Culture emerges in adaptive interactions • Culture consists of shared elements (shared language, and the opportunity to interact). • Culture is transmitted across time periods and generations (modern communications results in cultural diffusion in films and television). • Culture is a complex concept • Culture is deep • Culture is broad • Culture is stable • Any prospective cultural change creates great anxiety and resistance to change • If you want to change some elements of your culture, you must recognize that you are tackling some of the most stable parts of your life. www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  6. Safety • covers the actions taken • to prevent nuclear and radiation accidents • or to limit their consequences • all along the total life of the plant: design, construction, operation and dismantlement • Actions could be • Technical • Human • Organizational… • Assure the normal operations  • limited exposition of workers • limited production of radioactive waste • Prevent incidental or accidental conditions • Limit consequences of potential incidental or accidental conditions • Consider all internal/external hazards WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  7. Major Nuclear Safety Principles • Defense in depth • Systematic failure consideration • Protection against consequences by successive lines of defense • Prevention (avoidance) • Surveillance (anticipation) • Action (limitation) • 3 barriers (without any leak in all conditions…) • Fuel cladding • Primary system (mainly the pressure boundary) • Containment building • Single failure criterion • System Design has to consider failure of the system • All possible accidental conditions • But never all the 3 barriers in the same time • Limitation through RISK evaluation (probability of failure x consequences) • Redundancy / Common mode of failure • External / Internal hazard consideration • 3 major safety functions: • Reactivity control • Fuel cooling control • Radioactive products confinement WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  8. Nuclear Safety Principle Consequences • 1- Before nuclear plant construction, safety analysis have to be: • developed by Utility • and reviewed/approved by National Safety Authority • 2- Technical and human actions are defined by Utility to: • assure normal conditions • prevent incidental and accidental conditions • limit potential consequences of incidental /accidental conditions • 3- During the plant construction, quality of safety class Systems, Structures and Components (SSC) are controlled to be in accordance with detailed specifications • 4- During operation, the Operator has to make periodic tests and surveillance to assure continuous fulfillment of Safety Functions • 5- Regulation is defined by National Safety Authority for Design-Construction – Operation – Dismantlement: • Definition of general objectives on nuclear safety • Prepare general technical rules • Analyze the utility proposals • Check through inspections • Release remarks and agreements (up to plant shutdown requirements…) • 6- Safety Analysis Report remains the key document developed by the Utility and Review by Safety Authority , including set of Codes & Standards to be used to answer to Safety Analysis WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  9. Safety culture • NRC Nuclear Safety Culture : Core values and behaviors resulting from a collective commitment by leaders and individuals to emphasize safety, over competing goals to ensure protection of people and the environment • Extremely large concern: Apply to all licensees, certificate holders, permit holders, authorization holders, holders of quality assurance program approvals, vendors and suppliers of safety-related components and applicants for license, certificate permit, authorization, or quality assurance program approval, subject to NRC authority www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  10. Safety Culture Principle and Philosophy Philosophy 1- to maintain the highest safety level 2- to open safety information to the public 3- to promote research on safety andtechnology development 4- to abide by the international treaties andto expand international cooperation 5- to reinforce the safety related laws and systems 6- to promote a safety culture 7- to induce the general public to participatein the establishment of a safety policy 8- To secure independence and justification of the regulation Principles 1- Independence 2- Openness 3- Clarity 4- Efficiency 5- Reliability www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  11. Example: design and construction of components • Reference system • Safety Analysis Report • Codes & Standards • Regulation • Specifications • Quality Management System • Design • Select the materials • Manufacture • Examine • Test • Protect • Install • Operate • Dismantle • Associated with Internal / External communication All the actors concern by safety classified Systems, Structures or Components need a "Safety Culture" in relation with their particular tasks: from the top managers / project managers, to the welders, the drawer, the NDE personal or the maintenance people… www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  12. A reference system: mechanical components Particular QA-QM for Safety Class SSCs Laws Parliament List and Main Consequences in Safety Analysis Report Decrees Orders Government Safety rules Safety Authority Standard Development Organizations Industry / Utility with SA assessment/approval Technical Codes Multi-industry national/international Standards Technical specifications Utility / Group of Utilities Plant owner Project documents Utility WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  13. Requirements and Code Selection Safety functions • Design specification developed by the Utility / End user • Equipment specification developed by the Manufacturer • + associated Quality Management rules National Regulation, In particular Pressure Equipment Utility / End User specifications Code selection + complementary requirements WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  14. 2002 2012 2012 Example: French Nuclear C&S a Set of tools : - to assure Safety, - to optimize Construction and Operation, with graduated requirements- to assure Long Term Operationand Replaceability of Components • Nuclear added requirements to regular component construction rules: • High quality level • High confidence levelin the Quality • Traceability • Justification and Checks by Designers/Manufacturers • Surveillance/Audits/ Inspection by Utility, Vendors and Safety Authority • Accidental conditions and external hazard consideration • Dedicated Quality Management System Required • IAEA GSR-3: Partly in the Code / Partly outside through specifications WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  15. Volume IV PERIODIC SAFETY REVIEWS Safety Analysis Report APPLICABLE Safety Requirements DEMONSTRATIONof Conformity to Requirements DESCRIPTIVE Parts Of Plant and SSC STRUCTURE : 4 VOLUMES Volume III SAFETY DEMONSTRATION Volume I GENERAL PRESENTATION Volume II PLANT SSC and OPERATION WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  16. Safety Analysis Report : IAEA Chapter I: Introduction Chapter II: General plant description Chapter III: Management of safety Chapter IV: Site evaluation Chapter V: General design aspects Chapter VI: Description and conformance to the design of plant systems Chapter VII: Safety analyses Chapter VIII: Commissioning Chapter IX: Operational aspects Chapter X: Operational limits and conditions Chapter XI: Radiation protection Chapter XII: Emergency preparedness Chapter XIII: Environmental aspects Chapter XIV: Radioactive waste management Chapter XV: Decommissioning and end of life aspects Safety Analysis Report WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  17. Examples of Safety Functions for Pres. Equip. • Safety classification: associated to "graduation of integrity reliability" • Operating conditions classified in normal, exceptional, accidental, faulted and severe accident (associated to an annual frequency) • Operability of active components in accidental situations • Functional capability of passive components in accidental conditions • Systems dedicated to manage plant "accidental " conditions • "Break exclusion" or "Incredibility of Failure" of Structures and Components • Leak tightness requirements in all situations, including accidental conditions • External – Internal Hazards description and associated criteria WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  18. Examples of Utility Design Specifications • Equipment general description, including precise limits (attachments/appurtenances) and expected life • All information that can affect the component pressure boundary design or fabrication • Safety class and all safety requirements and associated criteria • Radioprotection classification • Overpressure protection / all other protections • Transport/ Storage/ Installation • Field experience, when available • Maintenance, surveillance, inspection requirements, ageing considerations • List of documents to be transferred to Utility by Manufacturers WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  19. Typical INA Safety Culture Bespoke Courses Nuclear Energy 1- Introduction 2- Plant Description 3- SSCs Nuclear Safety Organization 1- Safety Principles 2- Safety Regulation 3- Safety Analysis Your product or your service in a NPP Possible deviations and consequences on NPP 1- Place of your product or service 2- Associated Safety Functions 3- Safety Analysis and Consequences of deviation Safety Culture in your company 1- collective commitment by leaders and individuals to emphasize safety in your company WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  20. Exemple 1 : Valinox Nucléaire (SG tube) • Safety Culture Training of 500 employees • Simulation of SG tube rupture and safety consequences WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  21. Exemple 2 : Velan (Valves) • Safety Culture Training of 250 employees • Identification of VELAN valves in NPP and safety consequences in case of dysfunction Reactor Heat Removal System Safety Injection System WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  22. Conclusions • Safety Culture: collective commitment by leaders and individuals to emphasize safety with extremely large different persons concerned • Large concern  training has to be adapted case by case to each safety concerned actor • INA is an actor through different training courses to support Safety Culture: • Safety Culture adapted to particular "components" or "services" in a given company • National and International Nuclear Regulation • International Nuclear Codes & Standards • Comparison of international practices • INA can design specific training programs adapted to your process and your environment: • from few hours to few days format depending on your needs • from designers and manufacturers to operators and managing team • Based on the large French Nuclear Experience grouped around the Partner in Nuclear Business • 2 important examples of company "Safety Culture Training Courses" are on-going: • Steam generator tube manufacturer: 500 employees • Safety valve manufacturer: 250 employers www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

  23. Thankyou • : + 33 385 423 698 • @ : contact@inuclear-academy.com • www.inuclear-academy.com WNA - Annual Symposium 2013

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