1 / 44

Camrose Primary Care Network

Camrose Primary Care Network. Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Early Detection October 2012. Cancer in Alberta. Alberta Cancer Estimates for 2012: 1950 new cases of Breast Cancer –most frequent type of Cancer in women

mayes
Download Presentation

Camrose Primary Care Network

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CamrosePrimary Care Network Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Early Detection October 2012

  2. Cancer in Alberta Alberta Cancer Estimates for 2012: 1950 new cases of Breast Cancer –most frequent type of Cancer in women 1000 new cases of Lung Cancer – leading cause of Cancer related death 830 new cases of Colorectal Cancer

  3. Cancer in Alberta Alberta Cancer Estimates for 2012: 720 women will die from lung Cancer 390 women will die from breast Cancer 330 women will die from colorectal Cancer

  4. Breast Cancer

  5. Breast Cancer Statistics Most common Cancer among Canadian women Causes 15% of Cancer deaths In 2011: 22700 diagnosed, 5100 deaths 1 in 9 will develop Breast Cancer in lifetime 1 in 29 will die from it Trends: incidence increasing from 1980’s but death rates decreasing

  6. Breast Cancer Risk Factors History of Breast Cancer Family history of Breast Cancer (BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes) Family history of Ovarian Cancer Increased window of estrogenic exposure: Nulliparous, parity after age 30, early menses, later menopause, HRT Dense breast tissue Hx of atypical hyperplasia on breast bps

  7. Breast Cancer Risk Factors Radiation to chest before age 30 (lymphoma) Obesity (esp after menopause) Alcohol OCP’s (Oral Contraceptive Pills) Some women develop breast cancer without any of these risk factors!

  8. Breast Ca Screening Recommendations Mammography recommended Clinical breast exam and self breast exam, breast ultrasound and MRI not for screening Genetic Predisposition: Yearly mammography should start 5-10 yrs prior to age of onset in youngest affected family member

  9. Breast Ca Screening Recommendations Women Under 40: Routine Mammograms not recommended Talk to your doctor re yearly mammo Women 40-49: Routine Mammograms not recommended Talk to your doctor re yearly mammo

  10. Breast Ca Screening Recommendations Women 50-69: Screening mammogram every 2 years Annual mammogram if increased risk Talk to your doctor re yearly mammo Women over 70: Screening mammogram every 2 years Annual mammogram if increased risk Talk to your doctor re yearly mammo

  11. Breast Cancer Screening Women who have regular mammograms are more likely to survive breast cancer Early detection means less treatment, faster recovery Breast cancers detected in women who have regular mammograms are on average smaller and more treatable

  12. What to watch for… A lump or swelling in the armpit Changes in breast size or shape Dimpling or puckering of the skin – sometimes called orange peel skin Redness, swelling and increased warmth in the affected breast Inverted nipple Crusting or scaling on the nipple

  13. Breast Lump A normal screening mammogram does not rule out breast cancer in the presence of a palpable lump – further evaluation is required!

  14. Mammogram

  15. Mammogram

  16. Mammogram

  17. Cervical Cancer

  18. Cervical Cancer Statistics 13th most frequent cancer among Canadians Lifetime probability 1 in 150 Without screening: 1 in 28 In Alberta: 150 cases each year with 40 deaths This cancer can be prevented with regular screening!

  19. Cervical Dysplasia Dysplasia is pre-cancerous changes in cervical cells that may become cancerous if untreated ASCUS LSIL HSIL

  20. Cervical Cancer Risk Factors Inadequate Cervical Screening HPV infection Smoking Immunosuppression – HIV, SLE, transplant High Parity Diethylstilbestrol (DES) between 1940-1971

  21. Human Papillomavirus HPV HPV is a sexually transmitted virus Types 16 and 18 cause 70% of ca cervix Types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts Estimated that 75% of sexually active men and women will have had an HPV infection Approx 90% of infections are cleared by your immune system

  22. Human Papillomavirus HPV Prevention of HPV: Reduce number of sexual partners Age of first sexual intercourse Condom usage Monogamy Vaccinations: Gardisil or Cervarix

  23. Pap Smear Screening When to start: At age 21 or 3 yrs after first intimate sexual activity (intercourse and digital or oral activity with a partner of either gender), whichever occurs later Within 5 years with 3 negative paps, can extend screening to every 3 years

  24. Pap Smear Screening When to stop: Hysterectomy with cervix removed for benign disease Women older than 69 who have had 3 consecutive negative paps in the last 10 years

  25. Pap Smear Screening Increased Surveillance: Immunosuppression: yearly paps Biopsy confirmed HSIL or AIS or invasive cancer – require annual vault smears

  26. Pap Smear Screening Benefits of Regular Pap Smear screening: Early detection of pre-cancerous changes Early detection of cancer Reduce the anxiety of not knowing Women who have pap tests regularly are more likely to survive cervical cancer!

  27. Ovarian Cancer

  28. Ovarian Cancer Screening No screening test available Very few warning signs in the early stages Signs and symptoms very vague and very mild – mimic other health conditions

  29. Ovarian Cancer Signs & Symptoms • abdominal discomfort, pressure or pain • abdominal swelling • change in bowel habits • feeling full after a light meal • indigestion • gas • upset stomach • feeling that the bowel has not completely emptied

  30. Ovarian Cancer Signs & Symptoms cont. nausea fatigue pain in lower back or leg more frequent or urgent urination abnormal vaginal bleeding menstrual disorders pain during intercourse

  31. Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis pelvic examination ultrasound tumour marker tests biopsy

  32. Colon Cancer

  33. Colon Cancer 3rd most common cause of cancer death in women An estimated 10,300 women will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 4,200 will die of it. (per year in Canada) One in 16 women is expected to develop colorectal cancer during her lifetime and one in 32 will die of it.

  34. Colon Cancer Risk Factors age – particularly after 50 having polyps family history of colorectal cancer - especially if the relative (parent, sibling, child) developed colorectal cancer before the age of 45 ­having familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)

  35. Colon Cancer Risk Factors cont. inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease) diet high in red meat (beef, pork, lamb and goat) processed meat (ham, salami, sausage, hot dogs) alcohol consumption smoking ­physical inactivity obesity ethnic background – people of Ashkenazi (Eastern European Jewish) descent

  36. Colon Cancer Researchers are also looking at how diet affects the risk of developing colorectal cancer. A diet high in fibre seems to decrease risk, but more research is needed.

  37. Colon Cancer Screening Average risk individuals • Men and women over 50 should have a stool test fecal occult blood test [FOBT] or fecal immunochemical test [FIT]) at least every 2 years. • Follow-up for a positive test could include a colonoscopy, double contrast barium enema (an x-ray of the large intestine) and sigmoidoscopy.

  38. Colon Cancer Screening High risk individuals • Those who are at higher than average risk of developing colorectal cancer should discuss an individual plan of surveillance with their doctor. High risk individuals include those with: • a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer (such as a parent, sibling or child) • a personal history of colorectal cancer

  39. Colon Cancer Screening High risk individuals cont. • inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative or Crohn's disease • some inherited syndromes such as FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis) or HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer) • benign polyps of the colon or rectum

  40. Cancer Myths Antiperspirants and breast cancer Bras and breast cancer Food additives Microwaves and plastic containers Oyster and soy sauce Disposable water bottles Sunless tanning products Tampons and cancer Lead in lipstick Abortion and breast cancer An alkaline diet and cancer Do some foods prevent or cure cancer? Hemp and cannabis products Is cancer contagious? Can a physical blow or injury cause cancer? Sugar and cancer Thermography Fluoride in water Chemicals in sunscreen

  41. Questions?

  42. For more information call the Camrose Primary Care Network 780.608.4927 www.camrosepcn.com

  43. References Canadian Task Force on Preventative Health Care Canadian Cancer Society www.cancer.ca

More Related