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“So that others may live”

“So that others may live”. Some Humor. MORE HUMOR. MORE HUMOR. Search & Rescue Operations. “Sharing the Airspace”. Brought To You By:. 301st Rescue Squadron. 39th Rescue Squadron. Orlando FSDO-15. Location. Col. Bruce E. Davis (Commander) 920th Rescue Group Patrick AFB Web Page:

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“So that others may live”

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  1. “So that others may live”

  2. Some Humor

  3. MORE HUMOR

  4. MORE HUMOR

  5. Search & Rescue Operations “Sharing the Airspace”

  6. Brought To You By: 301st Rescue Squadron 39th Rescue Squadron Orlando FSDO-15

  7. Location Col. Bruce E. Davis (Commander) 920th Rescue Group Patrick AFB Web Page: http//www.pafb.af.mil FAA Safety Center 28th parallel

  8. Overview • Civilian SAR Operations • SARSAT • HC-130 and HH-60 “Blackhawk” SAR Ops • Space Shuttle Recovery (SRT) Ops. • Night Vision Goggles (NVG) • Pararescue (PJ) Procedures • Low-level flying in Florida

  9. Civilian Search and Rescue(SAR) Operations Lt Col (ret) Bob Raskey

  10. SAR Stages • Awareness • Initial Actions • Planning • Operations • Mission conclusion

  11. SAR Stages • Awareness

  12. Awareness • Flight Service Station (FSS) • Air Traffic Control (ATC) • ELT/SARSAT • Dispatch Operations • Friends and Family

  13. Flight Service Station (FSS) • After 30 minutes initial search begins: • FAA Flight plan route (most effective) • Phone search to FBO’s at destination and enroute airports. • Check phone numbers on the flight plan. • Coordinate with Air Traffic Control (ATC). • Contact Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) to start SAR procedures.

  14. Air Traffic Control (ATC) • Radar/Comm. loss without pilot termination: • could be treated as a possible SAR emergency • cancel radar services when no longer needed.

  15. Cospas-Sarsat “Saving Lives Via Satellite”

  16. United States Mission Control Center

  17. Mission Control Center (MCC) U.S. LUTs U.S. RCCs Foreign MCCs USMCC Suitland, MD SPOCs Foreign LUTs Foreign MCCs

  18. Cospas-Sarsat System

  19. Polar Orbiting Satellites • Altitude ~ 600 miles • Orbital Period ~ 100min. • Speed ~ 15000 mph. • Doppler shift • SARSAT Satellites: • 121.5 MHz Repeater • 243 MHz Repeater • 406 MHz Processor • COSPAS Satellites • 121.5 MHz Repeater • 406 MHz Processor

  20. Geostationary Satellites • No Doppler Processing • Immediate Alerts • 406 MHz Only • Immediate Alerting and Locating Possible with Location Protocol Beacons

  21. 8 min. 6 min. 1 min. 1 min. 90 min. 10 min. 10 min. 1 min. Cospas-Sarsat Rescue Timeline LUT MCC RCC Satellite Beacon Best Case 16 min. Worst Case 112 min.

  22. Cospas-Sarsat System

  23. Locator Beacon Types PLB (Personal Locator Beacon) • 406 Mhz Only • Portable/manual EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) • 121.5/406.0 MHz • 406 MHz (6 hours) • Phase out 121.5 Mhz ELT (Emergency Locator Beacon) • 121.5 /406 Mhz • Fail rate 75% • False alarm rate 97%

  24. EPIRB

  25. Range of Beacons 121.5 MHz ELT 12 nm radius 452 sq. nm search area ave. 6 hour notification 406 MHz ELT 2 nm radius 12.5 sq. nm search area ave. 1 hour notification 406 MHz ELT w/ GPS 0.05 nm radius 0.008 sq. nm search area est. 5 min. notification

  26. ELT Operations • Testing • Avionics shop • Aircraft operational test • 121.5/243.0 • First five minutes after any hour, 3 audible sweeps • airborne test not authorized • False alarms • monitor 121.5 on comm reciever • after shutdown, in flight, mx action, hard landing • Inflight monitoring (ELT signal first heard) • note position, time, altitude, nearest nav-aid

  27. Friends and Family An Air Force review of 325 SAR missions found that time works against people who experience a distress and are not on a flight plan, since 36 hours normally pass before a family member initiates an alert Hello, “Big AL’s” insurance. Is my husbands insurance premium up to date ?

  28. “The life expectancy of an injured survivor decreases as much as 80 percent during the first 24 hours, while the chances of survival of uninjured survivors rapidly diminishes after the first 3 days” • File descriptive and accurate flight plans • Be sure to open and close flight plan. • Have good contact phone numbers • Let people know where you are going.

  29. SAR Stages • Awareness • Initial Actions

  30. Initial Actions • Coordinate the following SAR assets: • Civil Air Patrol (CAP) • U. S. Coast Guard • Coast Guard Auxiliary • Local law enforcement • Private Volunteer Organizations • U.S. Air Force Search and Rescue Units

  31. SAR Assets SAR Coordinator (SC) Rescue Coordination Center (RCC)

  32. SAR Stages • Awareness • Initial Actions • Planning

  33. Planning • Flight Plan/ Route of Flight • Rescue scenario: • General aviation flight from Homestead to Key West International. • Example of bad FAA flight plan. • Example of good FAA flight plan.

  34. Route (intended) Homestead Key West

  35. Bad FAA Flight Plan • No flight plan filed • No route of flight • No contact numbers x Homestead N1234 PA28/A 110 1200 3000 Direct EYW 2 30 3 30 2 White

  36. Route (actual vs. filed) Filed Bad Flight Plan Actual Route Flown

  37. Good FAA Flight Plan • Good contact phone numbers • Accurate time estimates • Flight plan for each leg (for long cross countries) • Descriptive points for each changes of courses x N1234 PA-28/A 110 Homestead 2000 1200 Ocean Reef Club - Islemorada - Marathon Key - Summer Land Key 2 Orange life preservers, Orange life raft, flares Key West 2 30 Dr. Evil, 555-1212, DAB Key Marathon 3 30 2 James Bond, 007-3838 White/red trim

  38. Route (actual vs. filed) Distressed Aircraft Position Filed/Actual Route Flown

  39. SAR Stages • Awareness • Initial Actions • Planning • Operations

  40. Operations • HC-130 Search patterns • Parallel Search • Route Search • Sector Search • Expanding square Search • Target detection • Signaling methods • Rescue/medical assistance

  41. Search patterns(Parallel search) Last Known Position (LKP) Filed Flight Plan

  42. Search patterns(Route search) Last Known Position(LKP) Filed Flight Plan

  43. Search patterns(Sector search) Last Known Position(LKP) Filed Flight Plan Radius 20 - 30Nm

  44. Search patterns(Expanding square search) Last Known Position(LKP) Filed Flight Plan

  45. Target detectability Size, shape distance Target Motion Duration of exposure Contrast

  46. Probability of detection (Search performed at 500’) Flat terrain Trees and Hills

  47. Signaling methods • Electronic means (ELT, Hand held radio, GPS, aircraft radio) • Visual means (hand signals, smoke, flares, terrain, mirror, aircraft) • Refer to AIM Section 6-2 for other signals

  48. Signal Mirror

  49. Signaling Methods(Most common one) Help !!

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