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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace. Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program. Threats & Problems. Farm Chemicals Industrial Chemicals Biological Terrorism Storage Transportation Proper Use. Chemicals. Hazard Class 1: Explosives.

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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

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  1. The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program

  2. Threats & Problems • Farm Chemicals • Industrial Chemicals • Biological • Terrorism • Storage • Transportation • Proper Use

  3. Chemicals

  4. Hazard Class 1: Explosives • Background color: • Orange • Symbol: • Exploding ball

  5. Hazard Class 2: Gases • Background color: • Varies • Symbol: • Varies • Non-flammable gases, flammable gases, poisonous gases INHALATION HAZARD

  6. Hazard Class 3: Flammable Liquids • Background color: • Red • Symbol: • Flame • Flammable & combustible liquids

  7. Hazard Class 4: Flammable Solids • Background color: • Red & white candy striped • Blue if reacts with water • Flammable solids, spontaneously combustibles, dangerous when wet

  8. Hazard Class 5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides • Background color: • Yellow • Symbol: • Flaming ball

  9. Hazard Class 6:Poisons & Etiologic Materials • Background color: • White, with black lettering for poisons INHALATIONHAZARD

  10. Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Materials • Background color: • White on the bottom, yellow on the top • Symbol: • Trefoil

  11. Hazard Class 8: Corrosives • Background color: • Black on the bottom, white on the top • Symbol: • Piece of metal and a hand damaged by liquid • Acidsand bases

  12. Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous • Hazardous materials not specified in other classes

  13. Facility Markings • NFPA 704 Marking System

  14. Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) • Generally used on smaller transfer containers

  15. Farm Chemicals • Pesticides • Insecticides • Rodenticides • Fungicides • Herbicides • Fertilizers • Animal Medications • Cleaning Agents and Solvents

  16. Pesticide Safety • Reduce risk to exposure and injury • Follow labels and MSDS • Wear appropriate PPE • Use the least hazardous chemicals at the recommended rate and concentration • Prepare only enough for immediate use • Verify application equipment is working properly and does not leak • Don’t eat, drink or smoke while pouring, mixing or applying • Work in pairs • Clean all equipment thoroughly and without contaminating the environment • Wash work clothes separately • Wash hands thoroughly after handling

  17. Pesticide Safety • Take Additional Precautions • Have a first aid kit nearby and include resuscitation mask, eye wash solution, soap • Have fresh water available • Have all workers take first aid training • Check labels and MSDS for proper handling, application, • Check with nearby health care facilities for proper stock of antidotes and emergency supplies • Stop work and seek medical attention if there is any sign of muscular spasms, blurred vision, excessive saliva, or difficulty breathing

  18. Pesticide Storage • Store chemicals in a well-ventilated area • Store in shed with good lighting and has impervious floor and shelving • Use secondary containment • Store chemicals in original containers • Place an external sign indicating chemical storage • Keep incompatible materials separate • Keep a spill kit nearby • Keep away from food, animal feed, fertilizers and seeds • Have access to an emergency shower nearby

  19. Pesticide Transport • Avoid transporting with food, water, animal feed, fertilizers, seeds and reactive substances • Secure in or on vehicle to prevent movement and change in orientation. • Keep shipping documents or records of the items you are carrying • Carry a spill kit and appropriate personal protective equipment with the vehicle

  20. Pesticide Disposal • Take notice of warnings on the labels regarding toxicity to non-target areas • Check label/MSDS for advice on disposal • Triple rinse empty containers • Uncap, puncture and crush all rinsed containers • When possible return containers to supplier or manufacture • Check with local government authority for information on safe disposal

  21. FIFRA Label Requirements • Front Panel • Restricted Use Pesticide Statement (if applicable) • Product Name, Brand, Trademark • Ingredient Statement • Keep out of Reach of Children (KOOROC Statement) • Signal Word (Caution, Warning, Danger) • First Aid (Statement of Practical Treatment) • Skull & Crossbones “POISON” for high toxicity • Net Contents/Net Weight

  22. FIFRA Label Requirements • Front or Back Panel • EPA Registration Number & Establishment Number • Company Name and Address • Back Panel • Precautionary Statements (Hazards to Humans and Animals, Environmental Hazards, Physical and Chemical Hazards) • Directions for Use • Storage and Disposal • Warranty Statement • Worker Protection Labeling

  23. C.B.R.N.E Terrorism B R C iological adiological hemical N E uclear xplosive

  24. Toxicology • What's Toxic? How is it determined? • Physical Hazards - Mechanical • Fire, Heat, Explosions, Falling Objects • Health Hazards - Biological • Bodily Contact • Immediate and/or Delayed Reactions

  25. Dose • Concentration • percent, • PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg

  26. 1,000,000 ppm = % 100% 100,000 ppm = % 10% 10,000 ppm = % 1% 1,000 ppm = 0.1% 100 ppm = 0.01% 10 ppm = 0.001% 1 ppm = 0.0001% 1 ppb = 0.0000001% 1 ppt= 0.0000000001% Concentration

  27. ConcentrationWhich one is more toxic? Product A Product B Toxic effect when Toxic effect when exposed to exposed to 9,000 ppm 90 ppm

  28. Industrial Toxic Thresholds • By Inhalation • TLV/TWA - Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted, day to day exposure without adverse health effects (ACGIH) • STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit - may exceed TLV/TWA for up to 15 minutes but not to occur more than 4 times per day • TLV-C - should never exceed (ACGIH) • REL- Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)

  29. Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue) • By Inhalation • PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA) • IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (NIOSH) • LC50 - Lethal Concentration by inhalation (animal) anything less than 200 mg/kg is considered a poison

  30. Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue) • By Ingestion • LD50 - Lethal Dose by ingestion or skin absorption (animal) less than 200 mg/kg is considered a poison. • Carcinogens - cancer causing (N/A or no exposure)

  31. Industrial SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs & STEL) • Acetone – 750 ppm, 1,000 ppm • Unleaded Gasoline – 300 ppm, 500 ppm • Carbon Monoxide – 35 ppm, 400 ppm • Ammonia – 25 ppm, 35 ppm • Hydrogen Sulfide – 9.9 ppm, 15 ppm • Hydrogen Cyanide – 10 ppm • Chlorine – 1 ppm • Hydrazine – 0.1 ppm

  32. Chemical SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs & STEL) • Phosgene – 0.099 ppm • 2-chloroethyl sulfide – 0.0005 ppm • Lewisite – 0.0004 ppm • Tabun – 0.000017 ppm • Somin – 0.000004 ppm • VX (O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate – 0.0000009 ppm

  33. Relative Toxicity by Inhalation • >500 ppm - Toxic • 101-500 ppm - Moderately Toxic • 1-100 ppm - Highly Toxic • <1 ppm - Super Toxic • Based upon the lowest value listed for the substance, usually TLV/TWA, STEL or PEL

  34. Relative Toxicity by Ingestion • >5 gm/kg - Toxic • .5 gm-5gm/kg - Moderately Toxic • 50 mg-500 mg/kg - Highly Toxic • 1 mg-50mg/kg - Super Toxic • Based upon animal LD50 • gm of product per kg of body weight of target organism

  35. Dose • Concentration • percent, PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg • Duration of Exposure • Acute Vs Chronic, Sensitization • Routes • Inhalation, Ingestion, Absorption, Injection

  36. Dose (continued) • Susceptible Target Organs • Nervous System, Skeleton & Marrow, Thyroid, Lungs, Heart, Blood, Veins, Liver, Kidneys, Intestines, Skin • Health Variables • body weight, age, physical condition, gender • Dose/Response

  37. Physical Properties • Vapor Pressure - Rate of Evaporation • Vapor Density - wt of vapor Vs wt of air • Specific Gravity - wt of liquid Vs wt of water • Solubility - mixes with water • Flash Point - min temp to produce enough vapors to cause ignition but not sustain combustion.

  38. Physical Properties • Fire Point - min temp to produce enough vapors to sustain combustion • Boiling Point - temp at which liquid changes to gas at it’s maximum rate • Flammable Range - the percent of vapor in air that is able to burn • Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) - max percentage of vapor in air that will burn

  39. Physical Properties • Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) - min percentage of vapor in air that will burn • Expansion Ration - ratio of gas volume compared to liquid volume • pH - scale used to measure how corrosive • Ionizing radiation • alpha, beta, gamma, neutron • time, distance, shielding, quantity

  40. Reference Resources • Emergency Response Guidebook • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards • Internet • Farm Safety Handbook by Rick Kubick • MeisterPro Crop Protection Handbook • Jane’s Chem-Bio Handbook • InterNet Search Tools

  41. The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop Carter Davis Pacific EMPRINTS Program hazmat@hawaii.rr.com

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