Worksite Hazard Analysis

1. Worksite Hazard Analysis Presented By: Thomas Dean Georgia Tech

2. Objectives • Discuss the sub elements of worksite hazard analysis • Identify typical hazards in the workplace • Review various techniques that can be used to identify hazards in the workplace

3. Hazards Vs. Unsafe Behavior • Unsafe behavior sometimes leads to unsafe conditions that can cause accidents. • Consider Maintenance Operations • Unsafe behaviors may show weakness in the safety management system.

4. Effective Worksite Analysis • Worksite analysis involves a variety of worksite examinations, to identify not only existing hazards, but also conditions and operations where changes might occur to create hazards • Effective management actively analyzes the work and the worksite to anticipate and prevent harmful occurrences

5. Plan for Worksite Analysis • Comprehensive Facility Surveys • Change Analysis • Routine Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) • Periodic and Daily Inspections

6. Comprehensive Survey • Comprehensive surveys should be performed depending on the business size and hazardousness every 1-3 years • Resources for comprehensive survey: private consultants, insurance company, and state funded programs

7. Change Analysis • Change analysis is simply the management of change in the work environment. • Changes in the following items need to be reviewed: • Facilities • Materials • Process Technology • Equipment

8. Change Analysis • A competent team consisting of managers, engineers, superintendents and employees should be involved • How can you best manage change in the work environment?

9. Job Hazard Analysis • A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. • It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. • After uncontrolled hazards are identified, take action to eliminate them or reduce risk.

10. Job Hazard Analysis • Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the best methods to develop safe work procedures for the equipment that is operated. • The JHA can also be used to train employees in the hazards associated with task and what control measures should be practiced.

11. JHA Team • A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation of all parties involved that includes: • Safety Professional • Engineers-Technical Advisor • Supervisors-Frontline Personnel responsible for making change • Employee-Person most familiar with job

12. Communication of the JHA • Safety Meetings • Distribution of Copies • SOP and Operations Manual • What are some other methods? • ___________________ • ___________________

13. What are the Possible Uses of a JHA • 1._________________________ • 2._________________________ • 3._________________________

14. Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates Jobs that have the potential to cause serious injury Jobs in which one simple human error could cause injury Jobs complex enough to have written instructions Jobs that are new to you facility Jobs that significantly had changes in process technology or procedures Prioritization of JHA

15. Involve Employees Review accident history Conduct preliminary job review List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs Outline the steps or tasks Steps for JHA

16. Involvement of Employees • They have a unique understanding of the job, and this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards. • Involving employees will help minimize oversights, ensure a quality analysis. • Get workers to “buy in” to the solutions because they will share ownership

17. Job Review • Discuss with employees the hazards that they know exist. • Brainstorm with them for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards. • If any hazards exist that pose an immediate danger, to an employee’s life or health, take immediate action to protect the worker. • Any problems that can be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as possible.

18. Outline the Steps • Watch the employee perform the job and list each step as the worker takes it. • Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly detailed. • Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include basic steps.

19. Outline the Steps • Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted something. • Include the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.

20. Identifying the Hazards • A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following: • What can go wrong? • What are the consequences? • How could it arise? • What are other contributing factors? • How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

21. Common Hazards in the Workplace

22. Common Hazards in the Workplace

23. Hazard Identification Workshop • Based on the following slides of machinery, identify the potential hazards. • Hint: Use the previous tables and analyze the machinery and work environment • Prepare to discuss your findings.

24. Hazard Identification

25. Hazard Identification

26. Hazard Identification

27. Hazard Identification

28. Controlling the Hazards • The order of precedence and effectiveness of hazard control is the following: • 1. Engineering controls. • 2. Administrative controls. • 3. Personal protective equipment.

29. Controlling the Hazards • The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard. • The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better. • If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate. • This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.

30. Controlling the Hazards • Discuss your recommendations with all employees who perform the job and consider their responses carefully. • If you plan to introduce new or modified job procedures, be sure they understand what they are required to do and the reasons for the changes.

31. Engineering Controls • Engineering controls include the following: • Elimination/minimization of the hazard • Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard • Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards, blast shields, or other means; and • Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local and exhaust ventilation.

32. Administrative Controls • Administrative controls include the following: • Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices; • Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to control heat stress and ergonomic hazards); • Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials; • Alarms, signs, and warnings; • Buddy system; and training

33. PPE • Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances: • When engineering controls are not feasible or do not totally eliminate the hazard; • While engineering controls are being developed; • When safe work practices do not provide sufficient additional protection; and • During emergencies when engineering controls may not be feasible.

34. JHA Exercise • We are going to perform an exercise on grinding metal casting. • Based on the steps, please identify the hazards and controls.