1 / 85

DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA. Transcription and Translation. What do all of these organisms have in common?. They all share a universal genetic code. DNA and RNA are Nucleic Acids. What is a nucleic acid? Nucleic acids are one of the major organic biomolecules. They contain C, H, N, O, P

mayrac
Download Presentation

DNA and RNA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA and RNA Transcription and Translation

  2. What do all of these organisms have in common? They all share a universal genetic code.

  3. DNA and RNA are Nucleic Acids • What is a nucleic acid? • Nucleic acids are one of the major organic biomolecules.

  4. They contain C, H, N, O, P They are made of nucleotide monomers They store information The instructions makes proteins Examples: DNA & RNA nitrogen base sugar phosphate Nucleic Acids

  5. What does DNA stand for? What is the monomer for nucleic acids? What is the structure of this monomer? PO4 (the 5’ end) N base 5 The numbers are the positions of the carbons on the sugar. 4 1 Sugar Sugar 3 2 (the 3’ end) DNA Structure DeoxyriboNucleic Acid nucleotide PO4 N base

  6. 3. 1. 2. 2. 5-Carbon Sugar (Dexoyribose) 3. Nitrogen Base 1. Phosphate Group 3. 1. O 2. H3 C O O O P C C H2 C O O C N H H C H H C N C H C C H O H O H O A DNA NUCLEOTIDE 1. Phosphate Group 2. 5-Carbon Sugar(Dexoyribose) 3. Nitrogen Base

  7. G A N base T C DNA Nucleotides • There are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides. Adenine Purines Guanine Thymine Pyrimidines Cytosine

  8. Adenine always bonds with thymine. Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules T A The lines between the bases represent hydrogen bonds C G

  9. Pairing DNA Nucleotides • What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing? • What is the base pairing rule? • What is a nucleotide? P N-b Nucleotide S C G Rule A A to T A G C to T G

  10. 5’End 3’End 3’End 5’End DNA DOUBLE HELIX ladder shaped molecule

  11. Purpose of DNA • DNA contains our genetic code which codes for proteins. • It is our “blueprint”…all cells have the same blueprint, but only certain parts are looked at when building different cells

  12. RNA stands for RiboNucleicAcid DNA must have a “helper” molecule. (DNA is too fat) RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides nitrogen base sugar phosphate What is RNA?

  13. B A C RNA Nucleotides • A - Sugar (ribose) • B - Phosphate • C - Nitrogen base nitrogen base sugar phosphate

  14. RNA • Identify the parts of the RNA strand. Nitrogen Base Sugar (ribose) Phosphate Group

  15. Adenine bonds with Uracil. Guanine bonds with Cytosine. Rules for Base Pairing U A C G

  16. C = G A = U DNA makes RNA 3’ DNA strand C G A U G C T A RNA strand 5’ DNA strand

  17. Carries the coded “message” of DNA. Translates the “message” into proteins 3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) What is the function of RNA?

  18. Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √ √ √ √

  19. Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √ √ √

  20. Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √ √ √

  21. Comparing DNA & RNA √ √ √ √ √ √ √

  22. Why does a cell need proteins to function properly? DNA provides the instructions to build proteins.  Blueprint RNA builds the proteins  Construction crew Time to make the proteins...

  23. mRNA Amino acid tRNA towing Remember there are three types of RNA • mRNA: messenger RNA. • Carries DNA message to cytoplasm where ribosomes are. • rRNA: ribosomal RNA • “scans & reads” the mRNA • tRNA: transfer RNA. • Carries the amino acids to the ribosomes to make the proteins. “Translates” the “message”.

  24. Overall process of protein synthesis transcription translation DNA RNA Protein

  25. Let’s explore this in a little more detail...

  26. DNA’s tragedy • DNA contains the blueprint about making proteins. • DNA is in the nucleus, ribosomes are out in the cytoplasm. ribosomes nucleus

  27. How does the cell solve this problem…. Transcription How do I tell those guys what I want them to do? • That’s where mRNA comes in. • mRNA helps get DNA’s message out to the ribosomes... I can help!

  28. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA First, DNA unzips itself... • DNA unzips itself, exposing free nitrogen bases.

  29. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA First, DNA unzips itself... • DNA unzips itself, exposing free nitrogen bases.

  30. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA First, DNA unzips itself... • DNA unzips itself, exposing free nitrogen bases.

  31. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA First, DNA unzips itself... • DNA unzips itself, exposing free nitrogen bases.

  32. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA First, DNA unzips itself... • DNA unzips itself, exposing free nitrogen bases.

  33. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Then, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G

  34. A TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G

  35. A TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G

  36. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AU

  37. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AU

  38. ATGTGCTAA TACACGATT Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUG

  39. ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUG TACACGATT

  40. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGU

  41. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGU

  42. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUG

  43. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUG

  44. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGC

  45. ATGTGCTAA TACACGATT Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGC

  46. ATGTGCTAA TACACGATT Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGCU

  47. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGCU

  48. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGCUA

  49. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G AUGUGCUA

  50. TACACGATT ATGTGCTAA AUGUGCUAA Next, mRNA is made... • mRNA is made from the DNA template • mRNA matches with free DNA nitrogen bases in a complimentary fashion • A = U • T = A • G = C • C = G

More Related