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KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM PLANTAE. Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta. Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida. Seeds ‘naked’. Seeds enclosed. Class Angiospermidia. Class Gymnospermidia. Sub Class Magnoliopsida DICOTS. Sub Class Liliopsida MONOCOTS. Subphylum Spermopsida

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KINGDOM PLANTAE

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  1. KINGDOM PLANTAE Vascular Plants Phylum Tracheophyta Seeds Subphylum Spermopsida Seeds ‘naked’ Seeds enclosed Class Angiospermidia Class Gymnospermidia Sub Class Magnoliopsida DICOTS Sub Class Liliopsida MONOCOTS

  2. Subphylum Spermopsida (seed bearing plants) • True roots (with vascular tissue) • Reproduction without water (evolved flower) • Protective covering around embryo (seed) – can survive winter • Improved conducting tissue: thicker and stronger xylem. Became taller.

  3. Class Angiospermidia‘enclosed seeds’(flowering plants) • Evolved (from a Gingko like tree) approximately 135 million years ago in the JURASSIC ERA. 2. 235,000 to 300,000 species (90% of Kingdom Plantae) 3. Ubiquitous (found everywhere) 4. Not as dependent on wind as a means of reproduction. This greatly increased their chances of survival.

  4. 5. Made improvements in reproduction to occupy areas vacated by the ferns. Adapted to more moderate climates.

  5. PISTIL (female) is made up of: • Stigma – sticky and ‘catches’ pollen • Style – carries pollen to the ovary • Ovary – contains the eggs. • Ovule – surrounds the eggs STAMEN (male) is made up of: • Anthers – produce pollen • Filament – raises anthers in the air

  6. 6. Seeds borne within a carpel Protection: a leaf like structure that encloses the seed. • 7. Pollen on a simple stamen: • Small amount of pollen as compared to conifers. • Less energy required. • More energy is in the flower to ensure precise cross-pollination.

  7. 8. ACCESSORY ORGANS: function in attracting the ‘VECTOR’ (pollinator/ seed distributor) with colour, odor and nectar. • Petal: brightly coloured to attract vector • Sepal: ‘leaves’; protects flower when it’s closed up • Receptacle: releases odour • Nectar: found at the base of the ovary

  8. 9. Leaves: reticulate or parallel venation 11. More developed vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)

  9. 10. Specialized pollen: The pollen grain is very specific to the female stigma (lock and key). Prevents inbreeding. The pollen grain also has enzymes to digest into the style and ovary.

  10. 11. Double fertilization: a) 1 pollen grain (sperm) fertilizes the egg to form a zygote becomes an embryo b) Another pollen grain fertilizes a polar nuclei endosperm (food for the zygote) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gq8NWh98wQs Double fertilization

  11. FERTILIZATION • A specific pollen lands on the stigma and grows a pollen tube to the ovary. • One sperm (gametophyte) will fertilize the egg (gametophyte) to form a zygote. • After fertilization, the zygote will grow to form an embryo. • A 2nd sperm fertilizes a diploid ENDOSPERM cell and this becomes triploid (3N). • It grows rapidly, fills the ovule (which surrounds the embryo) and eventually becomes the SEED.

  12. In most plants the seed develops inside the original ovary of the flower. • The seed is covered by the old ovary which grows and becomes the fruit. • The fruit attracts animals which will eat it and then distribute the seeds in their feces. ZYGOTE EMBRYO OVULE SEED OVARY FRUIT

  13. LIFE CYCLE ANIMATION http://intro.bio.umb.edu/111-112/112s99Lect/life-cycles.html

  14. POLLINATORS

  15. SEED DISPERSAL

  16. USES • Remove CO2 and add O2 to atmosphere • ALL the food we eat (except that which we have already mentioned) including MEAT. • The majority of our medicines • Some are poisonous (rosary bean and castor bean) • Beauty and inspiration • Drugs • Paper and clothes • Building materials (birch, maple, oak)

  17. MONOCOTS Sub-Class Liliopsida

  18. Monocots(ie: grass, grains, onions, lilies, tulips…) • One seed cotelydon • Germinates and puts off 1 leaf • Has a parallel vein pattern • Mostly annuals (grow 1 year and die) • All are Herbaceous (non-woody)

  19. Order Alismatidae Arrowhead

  20. Order Arecidae Palm Trees Philodendron

  21. Order Commelinidae Spiderwort Rush Sedge Grass

  22. Bur-reed Cat tail

  23. Order Zingiberidae Pineapple

  24. Order Liliidae Orchid Iris Lily

  25. DICOTS Sub-Class Magnoliopsida

  26. Dicots (ie: rose, apple trees…) • Two seed cotelydons • Germinates and puts off 2 leaves • Has a netted vein pattern • Contains annuals, bi-annuals (2 years), perennials (every year) • Herbaceous & woody forms

  27. Order Magnoliidae Magnolia Tree Poppy Water lily Buttercup

  28. Order Hamamelidae Elm Tree Birch Tree Oak Tree

  29. Order Caryophyllidae Cactus Buckwheat Pinks

  30. Order Dilleniidae Pitcher plant Mallow, hibiscus… Sundew, venus fly trap Some herbs

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