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Proofreading and Editing

Proofreading and Editing. UCD Access & Lifelong Learning. Learning Outcomes. How are academic essays graded ?. Apostrophes. The apostrophe has two uses. It signifies possession and contraction. Contraction When two words are shortened into one

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Proofreading and Editing

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  1. Proofreading and Editing UCD Access & Lifelong Learning

  2. Learning Outcomes

  3. How are academic essays graded?

  4. Apostrophes • The apostrophe has two uses. It signifies possession and contraction. • Contraction • When two words are shortened into one • Doesn’t, shouldn’t, haven’t, I’d, you’ll, you’re. • Contraction is not advisable in formal writing. • Possession • For singular nouns, you add ’s to signify possession • The boy’s dog, • The duchess’s jewels, • Jesus’s words,

  5. Apostrophes contd… • For plural nouns that end in s, you add ’ to signify possession • Four boys’ dogs, • His eyes’ colour, • All of the books’ covers. • For plural nouns that do not end in s, you add ‘s to signify possession • Men’s clothes, • Women’s cars, • Children’s toys. • Avoid: • 1990’s – write 1990s instead.

  6. Avoid Hyperbole (exaggeration)

  7. Confused words • Outset and onset. Societies and society’s • Being and is Sexuality and gender • Overly for excessively Although for however. • Complement (add to) and compliment (praise) Practice and practise • Advice and advise Licence and license • Begs the question to mean “raises the question” Endless instead of ‘many’ • EG (for example) for IE (that is) Quiet and quite • Purposeful for intentional Their and there • Hopefully for ‘it is hoped’ Too and to • Disinterested (neutral) and uninterested (bored) Lead and led • Hung for hanged However for but • Excepting and accepting Key and important • Typical for common Affect and effect • Insure and Ensure Your and you’re

  8. Modifiers/Modifying absolutes

  9. Avoid Clichés Breed familiarity Few and far between First and foremost Nothing more, nothing less. A far cry from chopped and changed Put the wheels in motion To all intents and purposes Jury is out Each and every one Follow in his footsteps Every once in a while Set in stone Snowball Break the ice Not rosy/far from rosy Voice of reason Home truths Bring it home More often than not Worst case scenario Turn life upside down Left in the dark Pay the ultimate price Come out on top Wake up call Bored to tears Get the ball rolling On/in the back burner Money is no object Clued in Come clean Opens the door to… Out of the blue Take a stand Raise eyebrows Goes with the territory. Offside/onside Take idea and run with it To buy into something Spoonfeeding Wears it on its sleeve Slam The fact of the matter is…

  10. Confusion between that and which

  11. Style Suggestions

  12. Proofreading and Editing

  13. Overall Focus

  14. General Structure and Paragraph Structure

  15. Content Errors

  16. Referencing

  17. Spelling Errors and Word Choice

  18. Grammar and Punctuation

  19. Read Aloud

  20. Use Text to Speech to Proofread • Provides a Fresh Perspective • Reading out loud is built into your iPhone • For Google phones and tablets, use VoiceAloud:

  21. Exercise – Grammar and Punctuation • Complete the exercises on the handout – we will go through the answers together. • You won’t have to give your answer sheet to anyone!

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