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Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Territory: A Detailed Insight

Explore the complex topics of race and ethnicity, examining African-Americans in the U.S., the apartheid era in South Africa, and the significance of race in the Census. Learn about migration patterns, urban ghettos, and the impact of segregation. Delve into the history of racial categorization and the evolution of census practices over time.

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Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Territory: A Detailed Insight

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  1. Class 10a: Race and ethnicity • Race/ethnicity and territory • African-Americans and Africans • Apartheid and South Africa • Race and the Census

  2. Definitions • Race: A genetically distinct population • Traits are passed on biologically • Racism: based on biological inferiority • Ethnicity: A historically and culturally distinct population • Similar to nations • Usually describes minority groups

  3. Ethnicity in the U.S. • African-American (13%) • Hispanic (11%) • Asian-American (4%) • American Indian (1%)

  4. African-Americans • Three migrations at three scales • Forced migration from Africa • 1619-1863: over 10 million Africans • Source of labor for plantations • Triangle trade

  5. African-Americans: Great Migration • Push of poverty, cotton mechanization • Pull of jobs, tolerance • 1910s-1920s; 1940s-1950s • Followed main transportation routes • Maintained strong connections to home

  6. African-Americans: Great Migration • Push of poverty, cotton mechanization, segregation • Pull of jobs, tolerance • 1910s-1920s; 1940s-1950s • Followed main transportation routes • Maintained strong connections to home

  7. African-Americans: Urban ghettos • Extreme overcrowding (100,000 per square mile, not 10) • Restrictive covenants • Redlining of black neighborhoods • City-within-a-city • White flight and blockbusting (after Brown vs. Board of Ed)

  8. New Africans in America • Black ≠ African-American • Recent migrants from Africa, Caribbean • Tension between two groups • But seen as same by whites

  9. South Africa and apartheid • Dutch, British colonists • Refusal of Afrikaners to allow black rule • Strict segregation by race (1948) • White (13%), black (76%), colored • Homes, school, jobs, stores, land, ambulances

  10. South Africa and apartheid • Blacks could not vote or run for office • Whites-only jobs, territories • Blacks needed papers to travel • Homelands or bantustans

  11. South Africa and apartheid • Economic sanctions from 1978 • Prohibitions on international competitions • 1984: some restrictions lifted • 1991: apartheid declared over • 1994: Nelson Mandela first black president

  12. Race in the Census • Included since 1790 Census (3/5 Compromise) • 1850-1900: mulatto, quadroon, octoroon • 1930: Mexican • 1960-1980: Hispanic listed as white • 2000: multiple boxes allowed (7 million) • Long form includes “ancestry”

  13. Race in the Census • Asian = race • Multiple ethnicities within one race • African-American, black = race • Only one category • Hispanic = ethnicity • Multiple ethnicities, one race

  14. Morena Caublindasian Indio

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