Coloring the Periodic Table Families

Coloring the Periodic Table Families You need 11 different colors

Families on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with other elements. • The horizontal rows are • called periods and are • labeled from 1 to 7. • The vertical columns are called groups or families and are labeled from 1 to 18.

Hydrogen • Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own. • Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas. • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg. • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles • color hydrogen color 1

ALKALI METALS Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 electron in the outer shell • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity • Color the rest of this group color 2

Alkali Metals • 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen. • Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt). • Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity • Color the Alkaline Earth Metals color 3

Alkaline Earth Metals • Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2) • Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature. • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca

TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes. • Color Transition Metals color 4

Transition Metals • Elements in groups 3-12 • Less reactive harder metals • Includes metals used in jewelry and construction. • Metals used “as metal.”

BORON FAMILY Group 13 • 3 electrons in the outer shell • Most are metals • Boron is a metalloid • Color Boron Family color 5

Boron Family • Elements in group 13 • Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”

CARBON FAMILY Group 14 • 4 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C) • Color Carbon Family with color 6

Carbon Family • Elements in group 14 • Contains elements important to life and computers. • Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry. • Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 • 5 electrons in the outer shell • Can share electrons to form compounds • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals • Color the nitrogen family with color 7

Nitrogen Family • Elements in group 15 • Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere. • Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things. • Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things. • The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens Group 16 • 6 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals • Reactive • Color the Oxygen family with color 8

Oxygen Family or Chalcogens • Elements in group 16 • Oxygen is necessary for respiration. • Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

Halogens Group 17 • 7 electrons in the outer shell • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1 • Color the Halogen group with color 9

Halogens • Elements in group 17 • Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals • Always found combined with other element in nature . • Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

Noble Gases Group 18 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements • Color the noble gases with color 10

The Noble Gases • Elements in group 18 • VERY unreactive, monatomic gases • Used in lighted “neon” signs • Used in blimps to fix the Hindenberg problem. • Have a full valence shell.

Rare Earth Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity • Color Rare Earth Metals with color 11

Coloring the Periodic Table Families