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Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries

Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries. Sports Medicine I. Medical evaluation must be comprehensive In athletic training setting, two formats of evaluation are used HOPS SOAP. Non-Life Threatening Injuries. Determine if serious injury occurred There are four steps H (History)

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Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries

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  1. Evaluation of Non-Life Threatening Injuries Sports Medicine I

  2. Medical evaluation must be comprehensive In athletic training setting, two formats of evaluation are used HOPS SOAP Non-Life Threatening Injuries

  3. Determine if serious injury occurred There are four steps H (History) O (Observation P (Palpation) S (Special Tests) HOPS Format

  4. Involves asking questions Helps ATC in assessing injury Helps MD in a diagnosis Examples Mechanism of injury (How did it happen?) Location of pain (Where does it hurt?) Sensations experienced (Did you hear a pop or snap) Previous injury (Have you injured this structure before) HOPS Format (History)

  5. Compare uninvolved to the involved structure Look for Bleeding Deformity Swelling Discoloration Scars Other signs of trauma HOPS Format (Observation)

  6. Physical inspection of injury Always palpate away from injured site first Then palpate affected area Should try to pinpoint exact location of pain Use bilateral comparison Examples Neurological stability (motor and sensory) Circulation function (pulse and capillary refill) Anatomical structures (palpate) Fracture tests (palpation, compression, distraction) HOPS Format (Palpation)

  7. Looking for joint instability, disability and pain Examples Joint stability Muscle/Tendon Accessory anatomical structures (bursa, capsule etc.) Inflammatory conditions HOPS Format (Special Test)

  8. Another standardized procedure that provides comprehensive review of MOI S (Subjective) O (Objective) A (Assessment) P (Plan) SOAP Format

  9. SOAP Format • Subjective- (history) ask detailed questions • Objective- involves visual, physical and functional inspections • Assessment- reviews probable cause and mechanism of injury • Plan-Outline of action to care of the injury

  10. Basic Treatment Protocol • PRICES • Protection- Protect injury from further damage • Rest- rest the injury (dependent on severity) • Ice- Aid in controlling bleeding and associated swelling • Compression- Compression wrap to control swelling • Elevation- keep higher than the heart; helps with excessive swelling • Support- first aid splint, sling, crutches, etc

  11. Ice Packs Done using plastic bags filled with ice Cover with a wet towel Should be done for 15 min Two hours between treatments Six or more times a day Cold Water Immersion Bath Use bathtub or whirlpool Water temperature between 50 and 60 degrees 10 minutes Six or more times a day ICE

  12. First Aid Splinting • Splints are intended to protect the injury from further damage • Fixation Splints • Vaccum Splints • Pneumatic (Air) Splints • Traction Splints

  13. Most common adaptable splints utilized Examples Board Wire ladder SAM Pillow blankets Fixation Splints

  14. Appropriate for dislocations or misaligned fractures Adaptable to any limb angulations Vacuum Splints

  15. Non-displaced fractures No longer the standard of care in athletic injuries Air Splints

  16. Used for long bone fractures (femur) Prevent fractured bone ends from touching Traction Splints

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