Chemistry, Part 3: The Periodic Table

1. Chemistry, Part 3: The Periodic Table Science With Mr. Comans

2. In this Powerpoint you will find: Patterns in the Elements • Who was Dmitri Mendeleev? • What was Mendeleev working on? • What was Mendeleev’s periodic table like? • How did Mendeleev predict new elements? • How is the modern periodic table different? This information correlates with pages 48-50 in the Green Science Explorer book.

3. In this Powerpoint you will find: Finding Data on Elements • How is an atomic number represented? • What are chemical symbols and names? • How is average atomic mass represented? This information correlates with page 51 in the Green Science Explorer book.

4. In this Powerpoint you will find: Organization of the Periodic Table • What are periods? • What are groups? This information correlates with pages 54-55 in the Green Science Explorer book.

5. In this Powerpoint you will find: Properties of Metals • What are the physical properties of metals? • What are the chemical properties of metals? This information correlates with pages 56-57 in the Green Science Explorer book.

6. In this Powerpoint you will find: Metals in the Periodic Table • What are the Alkali Metals? • What are the Alkaline Earth Metals? • What are the Transition Metals? • What are the Metals in Mixed Groups? • What are the Lanthanides? • What are the Actinides? This information correlates with pages 58-62 in the Green Science Explorer book.

7. In this Powerpoint you will find: Synthetic Elements • What are synthetic elements? • What are particle accelerators? This information correlates with page 62 in the Green Science Explorer book.

8. In this Powerpoint you will find: Properties of Nonmetals • What are the physical properties of nonmetals? • What are the chemical properties of nonmetals? This information correlates with pages 66-68 in the Green Science Explorer book.

9. In this Powerpoint you will find: Families of Nonmetals • What is the Carbon Family? • What is the Nitrogen Family? • What is the Oxygen Family? • What is the Halogen Family? • What are the Noble Gases? • Why is Hydrogen in its own group? This information correlates with pages 68-72 in the Green Science Explorer book.

10. In this Powerpoint you will find: The Metalloids • What are Metalloids? • What are semiconductors? This information correlates with page 73 in the Green Science Explorer book.

11. But first…

12. Patterns in the Elements 63 elements discover in 1869, Mendeleev discovered a set of patterns that applied to all the elements Atomic mass= average mass of all isotopes for that element He noticed pattern as he arranged the elements by the increasing atomic mass Mendeleev’s work Found properties repeated and he placed them in groups together Mendeleev's Periodic table • Found arrangement by mass did not always group them by similar characteristics • Left blank spaces for undiscovered elements • Published in 1869 first table Predicting new elements

13. Modern periodic table Periodic table- chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of the chemicals and the properties Period-a row (periodic means regular repeating pattern) Rearranged by atomic # Finding Elements Square (key) includes the atomic #, symbol, Atomic mass, and name Atomic Number (#) Tells you the number of protons

14. Contains either one upper case letter (K) or one upper case and a lower case (Na) taken from their Latin names Chemical symbols and names The last number in key is an average because most elements have isotopes and it is the combined percentage of all of their weights Average Atomic mass Organization of the Periodic Table • Arranged by atomic number • Properties of an element may be predicted from its location on the table 7 horizontal rows (like the days of the week) Periods 18 Vertical columns, known as families, have similar characteristics Groups

15. Patterns in the Elements Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) Russian chemist Old Way = By Atomic Mass Modern Way = By Atomic Number

16. Patterns in the Elements Today: • Properties of elements may be predicted by their placement on the periodic table. • Arranged by atomic number • 18 columns called groups/families have similar characteristics • 7 rows called periods

17. Finding Data on Elements

18. Organization of the Periodic Table

19. Organization of the Periodic Table

20. Properties of Metals Malleability—ability to be hammered or rolled (like coins, swords, and aluminum foil) Ductility—ability to be pulled out into a thin wire Physical Properties

21. Properties of Metals Conductivity—ability to transfer heat or electricity Luster- shininess Physical Properties

22. Properties of Metals Reactivity – ease and speed of combining with other elements Corrosion – destruction of a metal through reacting with oxygen ChemicalProperties

23. Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkali metals—Group 1, the alkali metals are all highly reactive and are never found in elemental forms in nature, one electron in their outmost electron shells • Alkali metals—Group 1, the alkali metals are all highly reactive and are never found in elemental forms in nature, one electron in their outmost electron shells

24. Metals in the Periodic Table • Alkaline earth metals—Group 2, insoluble in water and resistant to heating, two electrons in their valence shell

25. Metals in the Periodic Table • Transition metals—Groups 3-12, characteristics include hard and shiny, good conductors

26. Metals in the Periodic Table • Earth metals/Metals in Mixed Groups—Group 13-15 below the steps, not very reactive.

27. Metals in the Periodic Table • Lanthanides—Top row, soft, malleable, shiny metals with high conductivity, used for alloy (mixture of metals) • Actinides—Bottom row, very unstable

28. Synthetic Metals • “Synthetic” simply means “man-made.” • Synthetic Elements—any elements with an atomic number higher than 92. • Scientists use particle accelerators to produce them.

29. Properties of Nonmetals Mostly Gases – 10 out of 16 nonmetals are gases. Poor Conductors – (Insulators) – Not good at conducting heat and electricity. Dull – Not shiny. Brittle – Easily broken Physical Properties

30. Properties of Nonmetals Reactive – Most nonmetals form compounds with other elements. Chemical Properties

31. Families of Nonmetals Boron Family -- Group 13. This group includes the elements Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium. All five have three electrons in their outer energy level.

32. Families of Nonmetals • Carbon Family—Group 14, can gain, lose, or share electrons. 4 electrons in outer shell.

33. Families of Nonmetals • Nitrogen group—Group 15, can gain or share three electrons, noted for their stability in compounds, this is the property of these elements which leads to their potential toxicity.

34. Families of Nonmetals • Oxygen Family —Group 16, can gain or share two electrons

35. Families of Nonmetals • Halogens—Group 17, can gain or share one electron, very reactive, forms salts

36. Families of Nonmetals • Noble gases—Group 18, odorless, colorless, with very low chemical reactivity, full valence electron shells

37. Families of Nonmetals • Hydrogen

38. The Metalloids • Metalloids—along the border between metals and nonmetals, have characteristics of both

40. More Help: • For more information about the creation of the Periodic Table, watch Crash Course Chemistry’s video about it. • For a fun song to help you see the elements in a brand new way, watch “The Periodic Table Song.” • For an amazing demonstration of how violently Alkali Metals react with water, watch the Brainiacs’ video “Alkali Metals In Water.” • To play with a 3D virtual model of the Periodic Table, hit up the Games page for this unit.