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Understanding Isotopes: Applications and Implications

Learn about isotopes, atoms with different neutron numbers but the same protons and electrons. Discover their uses in industry, science, and the environment, and the benefits and drawbacks they offer. Explore how isotopes are crucial in fields like medical science and basic research.

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Understanding Isotopes: Applications and Implications

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  1. Isotopes Objectives: 5.2 To identify the advantages & disadvantages of using isotopes in industry, medical science, basic research & in the environment

  2. 6 6 C C 12 14 Isotopes: • Are atoms of the same element, but have a different number of neutrons • ex. Carbon can have 6 or 8 neutrons OR 6 neutrons 8 neutrons

  3. 6 6 C C 12 14 Isotopes: • Have the same number of protons & electrons • Have the same atomic number • Have the same chemical reactivity

  4. Ex #1 What statement is false? A) Isotopes have the same number of protons B) Isotopes have the same number of neutrons C) Isotopes have the same number of electrons different

  5. Different # neutrons Same # protons 6 5 6 A B C 10 10 12 Ex #2 Given the three hypothetical atoms below, which are isotopes of the same element? isotopes 4 neutrons 5 neutrons 6 neutrons 6 protons 5 protons 6 protons

  6. Different # neutrons Different Atomic Mass Same Atomic Number Ex #3 According to the graph below, how many isotopes of nitrogen (N) are there? 15 14 Next First Trace up – each point represents an isotope Find atomic number of N Atomic Mass 2 isotopes 13 12 5 6 7 8 Atomic Number

  7. Ex #4 According to the graph below, what is the mass number of each isotope of oxygen? 3 isotopes Mass number = 18 10 Finally 9 Mass number = 17 First Next Next Trace up – each point represents an isotope Find the number of protons Add the number of protons & neutrons together for each isotope Trace along & find the number of neutrons for each isotope Number of Neutrons 8 Mass number = 16 7 7 8 9 10 Number of Protons

  8. Isotopes: • Occur naturally & are made artificially • Most natural isotopes are stable • Some natural & artificial isotopes are unstable (the nucleus “breaks apart”) • When unstable, release radiation (radioisotopes)

  9. Radioisotopes: • Unstable isotopes (radioisotopes) can be used for: • Cancer therapy • Medical diagnosis • Nuclear power plants • Irradiation of foods • Nuclear weapons

  10. Key Points to Remember • Isotopes are atoms of the same element, but with a differentnumber of neutrons • Same atomic number, number of protons & electrons and chemical reactivity • Natural isotopes tend to be stable • Artificial isotopes are not stable & can release radiation

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