PEL101- COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I

PEL101- COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I Lecture 19-20 Week 10 Designed by Satpal Singh 15908

Read the passage and answer question "According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees." 1. What does "proponents" mean? a) people who are against something b) people who support something c) people in charge of something d) People who create problem

Pushing boundaries is a balancing act, however, and a contradictory process. In order to gain access to the world of popular music, a female artist must at once be pleasing her audience, and, at the same time, remain true to herself as a woman. A desire to be too much “one of the guys” can lead to identity problems and ultimately to self-destruction. An artist's use of irony or parody may run the risk of being mistaken for genuineness, causing her to be objectified. Working within the limits of popular music has proven difficult and dangerous for women. But due to the professionalism and inventiveness of many female performers, the space for women in popular music is being expanded and redefined. 2. Which of the following best describes summarizes the main idea of the last paragraph? (A) Entering the music world is not easy for women but they are making progress.(B) Parody and irony are the only ways in which women can hope to achieve success in music. (C) Women in popular music cannot escape being judged on their appearance.(D) Women assume stereotypically female appearances in order to attract audiences.

Could Washington, Madison, and the other framers of the Federal Constitution revisit the earth in this year 1922, it is likely that nothing would bewilder them more than the recent Prohibition Amendment. Railways, steamships, the telephone, automobiles, flying machines, submarines – all these developments, unknown in their day, would fill them with amazement and admiration. They would marvel at the story of the rise and downfall of the German Empire; at the growth and present greatness of the Republic they themselves had founded. None of these things, however, would seem to them to involve any essential change in the beliefs and purposes of men as they had known them. The Prohibition Amendment, on the contrary, would evidence to their minds the breaking down of a principle of government which they had deemed axiomatic, the abandonment of a purpose which they had supposed immutable. 3.It can be inferred that the paragraph is intended as A. an introduction to a discussion of a constitutional amendment B. a summary of social and political change since the writing of the Federal Constitution C. an introduction to a history of the Constitution D. a clarification of the author’s view of a controversy

Could Washington, Madison, and the other framers of the Federal Constitution revisit the earth in this year 1922, it is likely that nothing would bewilder them more than the recent Prohibition Amendment. Railways, steamships, the telephone, automobiles, flying machines, submarines – all these developments, unknown in their day, would fill them with amazement and admiration. They would marvel at the story of the rise and downfall of the German Empire; at the growth and present greatness of the Republic they themselves had founded. None of these things, however, would seem to them to involve any essential change in the beliefs and purposes of men as they had known them. The Prohibition Amendment, on the contrary, would evidence to their minds the breaking down of a principle of government which they had deemed axiomatic, the abandonment of a purpose which they had supposed immutable. 4. The author apparently believes that the “principle of government” mentioned in the last sentence is A. not implicit in the original Constitution B. to be taken as true for all time C. apparently violated by the Prohibition Amendment D. an essential change in the beliefs of the American people

I have previously defined a sanctuary as a place where man is passive and the rest of Nature active. But this general definition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fact that man has to protect a sanctuary does away with his purely passive attitude. Then, he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and parasites, like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic which periodically kills off the rabbits and thus starves many of the carnivora to death. But, except in cases where experiment has proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the balance of Nature the better, even when he tries to be an earthly Providence. 5. The author implies that his first definition of a sanctuary is A. totally wrong B. somewhat idealistic C. unhelpful D. indefensible

I have previously defined a sanctuary as a place where man is passive and the rest of Nature active. But this general definition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fact that man has to protect a sanctuary does away with his purely passive attitude. Then, he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and parasites, like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic which periodically kills off the rabbits and thus starves many of the carnivora to death. But, except in cases where experiment has proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the balance of Nature the better, even when he tries to be an earthly Providence. 6. The author’s argument that destroying bot-flies and mosquitoes would be a beneficial action is most weakened by all of the following except A. parasites have an important role to play in the regulation of populations B. the elimination of any species can have unpredictable effects on the balance of nature C. the pests themselves are part of the food chain D. these insects have been introduced to the area by human activities

Answers 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 d

I chose to wander by Bethlehem Hospital; partly, because it lay on my road round to Westminster; partly, because I had a fancy in my head which could be best pursued within sight of its walls. And the fancy was: Are not the sane and the insane equal at night as the sane lie a dreaming? Are not all of us outside this hospital, who dream, more or less in the condition of those inside it, every night of our lives? Are we not nightly persuaded, as they daily are, that we associate preposterously with kings and queens, and notabilities of all sorts? Do we not nightly jumble events and personages and times and places, as these do daily? Said an afflicted man to me, when I visited a hospital like this, ‘Sir, I can frequently fly.’ I was half ashamed to reflect that so could I - by night. I wonder that the great master, when he called Sleep the death of each day’s life, did not call Dreams the insanity of each day’s sanity. • It can be correctly inferred that Bethlehem hospitalI is very close to WestminsterII has patients who are regarded as insaneIII is a place the author has visited before A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

I chose to wander by Bethlehem Hospital; partly, because it lay on my road round to Westminster; partly, because I had a fancy in my head which could be best pursued within sight of its walls. And the fancy was: Are not the sane and the insane equal at night as the sane lie a dreaming? Are not all of us outside this hospital, who dream, more or less in the condition of those inside it, every night of our lives? Are we not nightly persuaded, as they daily are, that we associate preposterously with kings and queens, and notabilities of all sorts? Do we not nightly jumble events and personages and times and places, as these do daily? Said an afflicted man to me, when I visited a hospital like this, ‘Sir, I can frequently fly.’ I was half ashamed to reflect that so could I - by night. I wonder that the great master, when he called Sleep the death of each day’s life, did not call Dreams the insanity of each day’s sanity. 2. The author makes his point with the aid of all of the following except A. rhetorical questions B. personal anecdote C. allusion D. frequent use of metaphor

Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. 3. The example of the man who takes to drink is used to illustrate which of the following ideas in the paragraph? A. foolish thoughts B. the slovenliness of language C. political and economic causes D. an effect becoming a cause

Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. 4. The author would most likely agree that A. individual writers can never have a bad influence on the English language B. imprecise use of language is likely to make precise thought more difficult C. the English language is ugly and inaccurate D. all language declines for political reasons

Answers • 1 B • 2 D • 3 D • 4 B

The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would remove the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic; of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil's Aeneid. 1. The author implies that the 'professional schoolmaster' has A. no interest in teaching science B. thwarted attempts to enliven education C. aided true learning D. supported the humanists

Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely the reverse, that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such as racial theories or currency myths, shows that fifty years of education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has produced no visible effect whatever. 2. Astrology is mentioned as an example of A. a science that needs to be better understood B. a belief which no educated people hold C. something unsupportable to those who have absorbed the methods of science D. the gravest danger to society

Mr. Harding was not a happy man as he walked down the palace pathway, and stepped out into the close. His position and pleasant house were a second time gone from him; but that he could endure. He had been schooled and insulted by a man young enough to be his son; but that he could put up with. He could even draw from the very injuries which had been inflicted on him some of that consolation which, we may believe, martyrs always receive from the injustice of their own sufferings. 3. The main cause of Mr. Harding’s unhappiness as he leaves the Bishop’s Palace is A. the loss of his house B. the loss of his position C. the need to live with his daughter D. the thought-provoking words of the chaplain

New men and new measures, long credit and few scruples, great success or wonderful ruin, such are now the tastes of Englishmen who know how to live! 4. The tone of the sentence 'New men....live' is A. objective B. ironic C. derogatory D. expository

Under such circumstances Mr. Harding could not but feel that he was an Englishman who did not know how to live. This new doctrine of Mr. Slope and the rubbish cart sadly disturbed his equanimity. 5. The word ‘equanimity’ most nearly means A. happiness B. justice C. complacency D. composure

Answers 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 D

It was to Casterbridge what the ruined Coliseum is to modern Rome, and was nearly of the same magnitude. The dusk of evening was the proper hour at which a true impression of this suggestive place could he received. Standing in the middle of the arena at that time there by degrees became apparent its real vastness, which a cursory view from the summit at noon-day was apt to obscure. Melancholy, impressive, lonely, yet accessible from every part of the town, the historic circle was the frequent spot for appointments of a furtive kind. 1. The amphitheatre is described as a ‘suggestive’place because A. its real size could not be appreciated at a glance. B. it was full of historical associations C. mysterious meetings took place there D. it was lonely yet accessible

2. Which of the following the author does not identify as linguistic manifestation of corruption?a. Asking for a favor b. use of double meaningc. use of quasi official terminology d.relate to food item. e. all of the above.

3. What is “bribe” generally called in china?a. handover c. refrescob. envelopes d. baksheesh

4. What best represent the author’s attitude towards the rich people the west? a. appreciative b. mildly critical c. heavily critical d. mildly appreciative

5. In summary what does the passage primarily suggest and provide evidence for?a. corruption exists only in developing economies.b. corruption is unethical practice. c. corruption slows down GDP growth.d. corruption is always concealed in some way both linguistically and in the process.

Answers 1 B 2 E 3 B 4 C 5 D

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. 1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline‘ s A. operating costs B. Employees c. Consumers D. Construction

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to A. Ocean B. State C. Pipeline D. village

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil. 3. The phrase "Resting on" in passage is closest in meaning to Consisting of a. Supported by b. Passing under c. Protected with

Answers 1 D2 C3 B

PEL101- COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I