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Understanding Organism Interactions in Biomes

Explore how organisms interact within ecosystems through competition, predation, and symbiotic relationships like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Learn about diverse biomes such as tropical rain forests, grasslands, deserts, and more in Nevada bioregions.

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Understanding Organism Interactions in Biomes

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  1. Section 14.2 KEY CONCEPT Organisms interact as individuals and as populations.

  2. Two ways organisms interact: Competition and predation • Competition: two organisms fight for a resource. • Predation: one organism captures and eats another. • The predator population depends on the prey population for survival

  3. Symbiotic Relationships: LIVING TOGETHER (1) Mutualism: both organisms benefit Cactus provides fruit for bat to eat. Bat spreads cactus seeds.

  4. Commensalism Human Our eyelashes are home to tiny mites that feast on oil secretions and dead skin. Without harming us, up to 20 mites may be living in one eyelash follicle. Ø Demodicids Eyelash mites find all they need to survive in the tiny follicles of eyelashes. Magnified here 225 times, these creatures measure 0.4 mm in length and can be seen only with a microscope. + Ø + Organism is not affected Organism benefits (2) Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed

  5. Braconid wasp Braconid larvae feed on their host and release themselves shortly before reaching the pupae stage of development. 0 Parasitism + _ Hornworm caterpillar The host hornworm will eventually die as its organs are consumed by wasp larvae. _ Organism benefits Organism is harmed 0 (3) Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed

  6. KEY CONCEPT Biomes are land-based, communities of organisms plus climate. Biomes are identified by their abiotic factors & ecological community .

  7. Earth has six major biomes.

  8. Source: World Meteorological Organization (1) Tropical rain forest biomes produce lush forests. • warm temperature • abundant precipitation all year

  9. (2) Grassland biomes:primary plant life is grass. • Temperate grasslands are dry and warm during the summer; snow in winter. • Tropical grasslands are warm through the year, with dry and rainy seasons.

  10. Tucson, Arizona Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (3) Desert biomes are characterized by a very arid climate. • very little precipitation • four types: hot, semi-arid, coastal, and cold

  11. (4) Temperate forest biomes have seasons. • Temperate deciduous forests have hot summers and cold winters. • Temperate rain forests have a long wet season and dry summers.

  12. Banff, Canada Source: Environment Canada (5) The taiga biome is located in cooler northern climates. • forests • long winters and short summers • little precipitation

  13. Barrow, Alaska Source: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (6) The tundra biome is found in the far northern latitudes with long winters. • winter lasts 10 months • limited precipitation • permafrost

  14. Polar ice caps and mountains are not considered biomes. • Polar ice caps have no soil, therefore no plant community. • The climate and organisms found on mountains change as the elevation changes.

  15. Nevada has four Bioregions • Sierra Nevada • Mohave Basin & Range • Central Basin & Range (Great Basin) 4. Northern Basin & Range Bioregion: area that contains unique geologic, hydrologic and biological characteristics Compared to most states Nevada ranks near the top ten in biodiversity.

  16. Sierra Nevada • Mountain range bordering California • Mostly granite (igneous rock cooled slowly) • Alpine forest with several species of conifers, deer, fox, mountain lions, and jackrabbits.

  17. Mojave Basin & Range • Desert that touches CA, AZ, UT, southern NV • “High Desert” (3,000-5,000 feet) 10” water • Death Valley (lowest, hottest place) is here • Joshua tree, sage, cactus, scorpions, rattlesnakes, lizards, hawks, deer, cougar

  18. Central Basin & Range • Central Nevada (68% of the state) • This bioregion makes up majority of the state • Valleys = basins, Mountains = ranges • Pacific & N. American tectonic plates pulling apart here; some of thinnest crust on Earth • The shifting tectonic plates create thin crust • Wetter, cooler than Mojave • Sagebrush, salt tolerant plants, pinyon, juniper, rabbits, hares, deer, mountain lions, etc.

  19. Northern Basin & Range • Northern NV into OR and UT • Volcanic plateaus • Grasslands, aspen forest • Deer, cougar, coyote, eagle, lizards, etc.

  20. Nevada Bioregions

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