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Animals as Individuals

Animals as Individuals. Animals as Individuals. Animals in Science. Animals in Science. Individual Differences: personality behavioral syndromes temperment individual differences method to study other phenomena Implications: service animals pet adoption conservation welfare

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Animals as Individuals

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  1. Animals as Individuals

  2. Animals as Individuals

  3. Animals in Science

  4. Animals in Science • Individual Differences: • personality • behavioral syndromes • temperment • individual differences • method to study other phenomena • Implications: • service animals • pet adoption • conservation • welfare • evolution • development What are the important dimensions and why?

  5. Bold/Shy ~ Riskiness Regulatory Focus

  6. Overview • Zoo Monkey Studies • Observational • Experimental • Lab Rat Studies • Individual characterization • Social Homecage • Future Lab Rat Studies • Development • Welfare • Evolution

  7. Regulatory Focus in Animals • Promotion (PM) = Focus on Gains • concerned with gains (food treats) • eat in the open • present in gain-related locations • *approach only to exploit gains • Prevention (PV) = Focus on Non-losses • concerned with security • hide • absent from unavoidable loss-related locations • *approach to establish safety/status quo

  8. Zoo Monkey Studies Timeline observational 6 months experimental 1 month

  9. Zoo Observational • eating in open • hiding • front of exhibit

  10. Zoo Observational

  11. Zoo Observational

  12. Zoo Observational • Summary: • Minnie = promotion or bold • Munchkin = prevention or shy • *Test Bold/Shy vs. Regulatory Focus experimentally

  13. Zoo Experimental • unfamiliar object pm fast • familiar object: • food  pm fast • * non-food  pv faster

  14. Zoo Experimental

  15. Zoo Monkey Studies • Summary: • Preliminary evidence of Regulatory Focus in nonhuman animals • Regulatory Focus makes distinct predictions compared to a bold/shy model • May have implications for animal welfare science and enrichment programs

  16. Lab Rat Studies Timeline: 1 year 3 months solitary tests 1 month homecage 1 month

  17. Solitary Tests *

  18. Solitary Tests r = 0.73

  19. Solitary Tests r = 0.66

  20. Solitary Tests P < 0.0005

  21. Solitary Tests P < 0.008

  22. Solitary Tests • Summary: • Pm and Pv behavior is stable • Pm focus on gains (treats) over possible losses • Pv focus on establishing safety over gains • * Bold/shy unsatisfactory explanation

  23. Homecage Tests * preliminary! * data analysis is ongoing pm pv x x • Measure: • latency to pm/pv test • time spent in pm/pv cages • dominance

  24. Homecage Tests

  25. Homecage Tests without “f”: P = 0.15

  26. Homecage Tests dichotomize: P < 0.03 without “q”: P < 0.03

  27. Homecage Tests P < 0.02

  28. Lab Rat Studies • Summary: • From Solitary Tests: • stable pm/pv dimensions (over short term) • pv is more exploratory (i.e. pv ≠ shy) • From Homecage Tests (in females): • pv is stable over long term (pm too?) • pv is concerned with safety and security

  29. Future Rat Studies • Development of pm/pv • Welfare differences with pm/pv • Evolution????????

  30. pv pv pm pm Development

  31. enriched pm/pv tested born Welfare solitary (bad) pv rat & pv enrich pv rat & pm enrich pm rat & pv enrich pm rat & pm enrich

  32. Evolution • Why are there individual differences in behavior across species? • Is this a unique phenomenon? • What is the disadvantage of being instable? • What is the right question/comparison?

  33. Thank you!

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