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INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT SEA

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT SEA. 2009. Collision Regulations. General Points. Every vessel has a responsibility to avoid collisions. If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be a collision.

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INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT SEA

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  1. INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT SEA 2009

  2. Collision Regulations

  3. General Points • Every vessel has a responsibility to avoid collisions. • If every vessel follows the rules, there cannot be a collision. • Even if these rules require another vessel to keep out of your way, you must be ready to take action yourself. • If you are in a collision, you will always be partly to blame.

  4. General Points • All actions must be clear, in good time, and large enough so other vessels will understand your intentions. • Generally alterations of course are more obvious than alterations of speed, but never hesitate to slow down to give yourself thinking time or more room.

  5. Night Vision • At night keep lighting within your own vessel to a minimum; it preserves your night vision. • Only use spotlights where it is vital to pick up an unlit object (mooring buoys for instance). • Respect other people’s night vision.

  6. Extra Care at Night • Many navigation aids are unlit, and there are many other potential hazards, so keep your speed down.

  7. RCM-SAR Requirements • The RCM-SAR requires that at all times: 1. radar, if available, is to be in use, unless alongside another vessel 2. appropriate navigation lights are displayed 3. If in doubt stop, assess, plan

  8. Section I - Rules 4 to10 Conduct of Vessels in Any Type of Visibility

  9. Rule 5 - Lookout • You must keep a good lookout with eyes and ears at all times. • This includes poor visibility and nighttime.

  10. Rule 6 - Safe Speed • You should travel at a speed that gives you adequate time to assess and plan the manoeuvre to avoid collision. • Some of the factors that might cause you to slow down are: • visibility, • volume of traffic, • background lighting, • water depth

  11. Rule 7 - Risk of Collision • Frequently assess all the vessels in the vicinity of your vessel to see if they are likely to come close. • If the compass bearing of another vessel does not change much, i.e. is steady, you are on, or nearly on, a collision course. • A bearing (true or compass) is the ONLY way to assess risk of collision.

  12. Rule 8 - Action to Avoid Collision • Any action you now take, must comply with these rules, and must be obvious to the other vessel, and result in the two vessels passing well clear of each other.

  13. Rule 9 - Narrow Channels • In narrow channels, all vessels should keep to the starboard side of the channel.

  14. Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes • Traffic shall follow the traffic separation scheme where one is designated. • Where you are outside it, you should avoid it. • If you have to cross it you have to cross it as near right angles as possible. • A vessel less than 20 metres in length shall not impede a ship in a separation scheme.

  15. Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes Good courses in or near separation schemes

  16. Rule 10 - Traffic Separation Schemes Bad courses in or near separation schemes

  17. Section II - Rules 11 to 18 Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another

  18. Collision Regulations Section II - Conduct of vessels in sight of one another • Rule 11 Application • Rule 12 Sailing Vessels • Rule 13 Overtaking • Rule 14 Head-on • Rule 15 Crossing Situations • Rule 16 Action by the Give-way Vessel • Rule 17 Action by the Stand-on Vessel • Rule 18 Responsibilities Between Vessels

  19. Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels Wind on different sides • When sailing vessels have the wind on different sides, the vessel that has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other. • A keeps clear of B.

  20. Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels If a sailing vessel with the wind on the port side sees a sailing vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other sailing vessel has the wind on the port or starboard side, it shall keep out of the way.

  21. Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels Wind on the same sides • When both sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is the closest to the wind (windward) shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. • B keeps clear of A.

  22. Rule 13 - Overtaking • This rule overrides all the other give-way rules. • The overtaking vessel (even if sailing) must keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. • You can pass on either side of the vessel, but keep well clear – the other vessel may not have seen you. • If you are being overtaken, hold your course and speed until the other vessel is past and well clear.

  23. Rule 14 - Head on • Both vessels must alter course to starboard. • If the other vessel turns the wrong way, you should turn even more to starboard, slow down, or stop your vessel.

  24. Rule 15 - Crossing Situation • If the other vessel is on your starboardside it has right of way and you must keep clear: you must either turn to starboard, slow down to let the other vessel pass ahead of you – or do both. • A gives way to B

  25. Rule 15 - Crossing Situation • If the other vessel is on your port side, you have right of way and should hold your course and speed. However, if you think the other vessel is leaving it too late, you have to take action yourself. The “right rule” still applies: if you alter course, alter to starboard. Or you can slow down, or do both.

  26. Rules 13-15: Vessels in Sight andin Risk of Collision (Review)

  27. Rule 16: Give-way Vessel • Take early and substantial action to stay out of the way of the stand-on vessel.

  28. Rule 17: Stand-on Vessel • Maintain course and speed. • Sound 5 short rapid blasts. • Take action if the give-way is not taking substantial action to avoid collision. • If risk of collision exists and if circumstances allow, avoid altering course to port. • If collision is imminent, any action that will avoid collision or mitigate it, is permitted.

  29. Rule 18: ResponsibilitiesBetween Vessels Vessels in order of priority • Vessel not under command • Restricted in ability to maneuver • Vessel constrained by draft • Vessel engaged in fishing • Sailing vessels • Power driven vessels • Seaplanes

  30. Rule 18 - Power meets sail • In general, power vessels have to keep out of the way of sailing and fishing vessels, and vessels that are hampered by such tasks as dredging, cable laying and so on.

  31. Operating rule Starboard:If any vessel approaches within this sector, keep out of its way. (Note: This rule may not always apply if one or both vessels are sailboats.) Port:If a power-driven vessel approaches within this sector maintain your course and speed with caution. Stern: If any vessel approaches this sector, maintain your course and speed with caution.

  32. The RIGHT rule The RIGHT rule is: • look to the right; • give way to the right; • turn to the right; and • stay to the right.

  33. Section III - Rule 19 Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility

  34. Rule 19: Restricted Visibility • This rule applies when navigating in or NEAR an area of restricted visibility.

  35. Rule 19 - Restricted Visibility • Restricted visibility any condition that reduces visibility, and includes fog, heavy rain, snow, hail, sandstorms, etc. • Fog is common on the coast of British Columbia. A good lookout becomes even more vital. • Slow down and be ready to stop if you sight another vessel or hear a fog signal.

  36. Rule 19: Restricted Visibility • For fog signals heard forward of the beam, reduce speed to minimum steerageway and navigate cautiously. • Actions to take on hearing a fog signal forward of the beam can shown as:

  37. Part C - Lights and Shapes

  38. Navigation Lights • Vessels that operate from sunset to sunrise, whether at anchor or underway, must carry and exhibit the correct lights. • A vessel is underway when not anchored, moored to the shore or aground. • Navigation lights must also be displayed during daylight hours in periods of restricted visibility. • All vessels must comply with the regulations concerning lighting.

  39. Navigation Lights 1. Masthead light 2. Port side light 3. Starboard side light 4. Stern light 5. Towing light

  40. Navigation Shapes • Vessels towing, and also on the tow • Deep draft vessels • Vessel under sails but using machinery to propel • Vessels at anchor

  41. Navigation Shapes • All fishing vessels In addition in the direction of her gear or nets

  42. Navigation Shapes • Vessel not under command • Vessel engaged in mine clearance

  43. Navigation Shapes • Vessel restricted in ability to manoeuvre Safe side to pass Side with obstruction

  44. Navigation Shapes • Vessel aground

  45. Navigation Shapes • Vessel operating divers

  46. Part D - Sound and Light Signals • Rule 32 - Definitions • Rule 34 - Manoeuvring and Warning Signals • Rule 35 - Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility • Rule 36 - Signals to Attract Attention • Rule 37 - Distress Signals • Annexes I -V

  47. Rule 32 - Definitions • Sound signals for signals of action • Signals are sounded upon rudder order • Exchanged by any vessel in proximity to another vessel • Exchanged if vessels are “in sight” and manoeuvring is required

  48. Rule 32 - Definitions • Short Blast- about one second duration • Long Blast - 4-6 second duration

  49. Rule 33 - Equipment for Sound Signals • Vessels < 100m in length: whistle and bell • Vessels >= 100m in length: whistle, bell, and gong • Vessels < 12m in length: some type of sound signaling device

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